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EMT Practice Test Questions Latest Update Rated A What is the rate of CPR in breaths and compressions: Correct Answer-6 breaths and 110 compressions in a minute What is considered tachycardic for ... an adult? Correct Answer-heart rate more than 100 What is considered bradycardic for an adult? Correct Answer-Heart rate less than 60 When is nitroglycerin not advised to be administered? Correct Answer-if the systolic blood pressure is less than 100 Where does blood flow after it leaves the left ventricle? Correct Answer-it flows to the aortic arch What medication is Erectile Dysfunction medications a contraindication? Correct Answer-nitroglycerin What is the parasympathetic system responsible for? Correct Answer-slowing the heart rate and intestinal activity What is the function of the carotid artery? Correct Answer-it carries blood from the heart to the head Are open ended or close ended questions better to ask? Correct Answer-open ended questions; it avoids the yes/no answer what delivers blood to the right atrium? Correct Answer-the superior and inferior vena cava What does diastolic blood pressure refer to? Correct Answer-it refers to the pressure of the vessels during the relaxation phase; bottom of the blood pressureWhat is TIA Correct Answer-transient ischemic attack; this is where vessels in the brain are blocked for a few minutes When do you change roles during CPR? Correct Answer-every two minutes What is another name for a heart attack? Correct Answer-acute myocardial infarction What does nitroglycerin do? Correct Answer-nitroglycerin dilates the vessels to reduce the hearts preload When cells are deprived of oxygen and die they are called? Correct Answer-infarcted cells What type of heart attack is extremely common in elderly? Correct Answer-silent heart attack What is arteriosclerosis? Correct Answer-thickening of arterial walls What is pericardial tamponade? Correct Answer-the heart is impeded by fluid in the pericardium What happens when someone has a pericardial tamponade? Correct Answer-low blood pressure; muffled heart sound; weak pulse due to the hearts struggles to pump If a patient is unresponsive with a pulse you: Correct Answer-2 quick rescue breaths then breaths 10-12 every minute what does a sphygmonometer measure? Correct Answer-it measures blood pressure what is a normal systolic blood pressure for a child? Correct Answer-80-110 what are three things to check if suspicious of a stroke? Correct Answer-speech, facial droop, arm driftwhat are the actions of nitroglycerin Correct Answer-smooth muscle relaxation, reduces cardiac workload, dilates coronary arteries, and dilates systemic arteries what happens if a patient has preeclampsia? Correct Answer-hypertensive; extremely high blood pressure and swelling in extremeties; susceptible to seizures what is an ischemic stroke? Correct Answer-blood flow being cut off from part of the brain what is the normal heart rate for a child Correct Answer-70-110 beats per minute what ratio should 2 person cpr on a child be done at? Correct Answer-15:2 what is the correct treatment for someone undergoing aphyxial cardiac arrest? Correct Answer-5 cycles of CPR prior to retrieving the AED or emergency response system what is the most common reason for cardiac arrest in children? Correct Answer-respiratory arrest what does the term lumen refer to in EMS? Correct Answer-the diameter of a tube rescue breathing guidelines: Correct Answer-adult: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds; child: 1 breath every 3-5 seconds what does placing a folded towel underneath a childs shoulders do? Correct Answer-it aids in aligning the childs airway what does DKA cause? Correct Answer-it causes frequent urination in an attempt to rid the body of excess acid buildup what does alpha 1 receptors do? Correct Answer-vasoconstricts/shunts blood what does beta 1 receptors do? Correct Answer-increases HR/contractilitywhat is the difference between compensatory and decompensatory stages of shock? Correct Answercompensatory: normal blood pressure decompensatory: Systemic blood pressure decreases and altered mental status two types of frontal impact is: Correct Answer-up and over or down and under up and over crashes injur: Correct Answer-head, neck, chest, abdomen down and under crash injury: Correct Answer-knees, femurs, hips, pelvis, spine what is the paper bag effect? Correct Answer-when a victim takes a deep breath before impact and the air trapped in the lungs is compressed; may cause a pneumothorax coupe/contra coupe: Correct Answer-entire brain shifts forward hitting frontal bone and snapping veins/arteries; anterior and posterior bleeds what is the Don Juan Syndrome? Correct Answer-landing feet first; bilateral heel fractures; ankle fractures; distal tibia/fibula fractures; knee dislocations; femur fractures, hip injuries, spine compression fractures what are the 4 forces acting on a bullet? Correct Answer-drag, profile, cavitation, fragmentation arterial bleed: Correct Answer-spurting, pulsating flow; bright red venus bleed: Correct Answer-steady slow flow; dark red capillary bleed: Correct Answer-slow, even flow; dark to intermediate red Femur Blood Loss: Correct Answer-1500 mLPelvic blood loss: Correct Answer-2000 mL abdomen loss with 1 inch distention: Correct Answer-1000-2000 mL hematemisis signs: Correct Answer-blood in vomit hematochezia signs: Correct Answer-bright red blood in feces; indicates a bleed in the lower GI tract Melena signs: Correct Answer-dark red blood in feces; indicates a bleed in the upper respiratory tract what do you do if an internal organ is exposed? Correct Answer-occlusive dressing x4; flex hips/knees if no spinal injury if an object is impaled what do you do? Correct Answer-manually secure; control bleeding and stabilize object ecchymosis is: Correct Answer-a bruise; deoxygenated blood in the tissue fist size hemotoma causes how much blood loss? Correct Answer-10% blood loss how do you treat a chest impalement? Correct Answer-occlusive dressing on 3 sides how do you treat a neck injury? Correct Answer-occlusive dressing on 4 sides; consider c collar what are the 5 steps to stop external bleeding? Correct Answer-direct pressure, tourniquet, pressure bandage, shock treatment (oxygen, elevation, blanket), rapid transport what are the 5 steps to stop internal bleeding? Correct Answer-assess for shock, splint PRN, monitor Vital signs, rapid transportPASG indications: Correct Answer-pelvic fracture, HYPOtension, PASG contraindications: Correct Answer-pulmonary edema (absolute); penetrating thoracic, eviseration, pregnancy, impaled abdomen what type of chemical burn is worse, acid or alkali? Correct Answer-alkali is worse compartment syndrome: Correct Answer-pressure in space around the capillaries exceeds the pressure in needed to perfuse the tissues; blood flow is cut off and cells are hypoxic; extremity may feel hard and pulses may be normal what is the only way out of the skull? Correct Answer-foramen magnum increased CO2 affect in intracranial pressure Correct Answer-cerebral vessels dilate;Increased blood flow decreased CO2, effect in intracranial pressure Correct Answer-cerebral vessels constrict; decreasing blood flow head trauma level 1 signs/symptoms: Correct Answer-decorticate posturing; pupils mid sized and reactive; cheyne-stokes breathing head trauma level 2 signs/symptoms: Correct Answer-decerebrate posturing; extension of upper extremities; torso and legs; pupils mid sized and fixed; central neurogenic hyperventilation head trauma level 3 signs/symptoms: Correct Answer-flaccid, no reaction to pain, pupils fixed and dilated basilar skull fracture signs/symptoms: Correct Answer-raccoon eyes; bruising behind ears; blood and CSF from ears/noseepidural hematoma: Correct Answer-blood "pocket"; above the dura mater, usually from a rapidly expanding arterial bleed subdural hematoma: Correct Answer-below the dura mater; usually from slowly expanding venous bleed; slowly develops over hours to days acute subdural hematoma: Correct Answer-expands rapidly due to size of vessel; develops in a few hours increasing ICP causes: Correct Answer-edema, ischemia, hemmorage treatments for closed head injury Correct Answer-o2, ppv 12-16 bpm; capnography, monitor LOC, maybe reverse trendelenburg, c-spine precautions most common vertebrae injuries for elderly: Correct Answer-C1 and C2 neurogenic shock: Correct Answer-warm, red, dry skin and maybe low BP; caused by injury to thoracic or above; decreased pulse inspiration: Correct Answer-active; pressure drops, air is sucked in exhalation: Correct Answer-relaxed; pressure rises and air is forced out flail chest: Correct Answer-2 or more ribs broken loose in 2 places; paradoxical movement; split pneumothorax: Correct Answer-air between pleural linings; lungs cant fully inflate leading to a collapsed lung s/s of a pneumothorax: Correct Answer-decreased lung sounds on one side; respiratory distress; maybe bubbling chest woundsubcutaneous emphysema: Correct Answer-collection of air in the subcutaneous layers tension pneumothorax: Correct Answer-hearts pumping ability is diminished; great vessels are bent and blood flow is hindered s/s of a tension pneumothorax: Correct Answer-respiratory distress; dropping bp; jdv, tracheial deviation is a late sign; 3 side occlusive dressing hemothorax: Correct Answer-blood in chest; bleeding in pleural space forming a pocket of blood at bases of lung; decreased lung expansion thoracic contusions (bruising) Correct Answer-either bruise to lung; or bruise to heart; AMI like chest pain, arrhythmias and disturbances pericardial tamponade: Correct Answer-pericardium does not stretch; bleeding between sac and heart muscle reduces the hearts pumping/filling ability; becks triad becks triad: Correct Answer-narrowing pulse pressure; JVD, muffled heart sounds; pulsus pardoxus pulsus paradoxus: Correct Answer-decrease in pulse and blood pressure when inhalation occurs abdominal eviscerations: Correct Answer-moist, sterile, fiber free occlusive dressing; treat for shock how do you place a patient that is pregnant: Correct Answer-place the patient on the left side; this prevents uterus compression abruptio placentae: Correct Answer-separation of the placentae from the uterine wall; can result from traumatic injury; administer oxygen 100% pediatric assessment triangle: Correct Answer-appearance: overall mental status; work of breathing: circulation to skindifferences in geriatric patient: Correct Answer-BP drops sooner; decreased cough reflex; hypertensive patients may have normal BP during shock the five "rights" Correct Answer-right patient, right medication, right dose, right time, right route of administration inidactions of Asprin: Correct Answer-patient having chest pain; may keep vessels that deliver blood to the heart from completely shutting off; suggestive of a heart attack contraindications of aspirin: Correct Answer-allergy; patient with bleeding ulcers/internal bleeding dosage of aspirin: Correct Answer-162-324 mg; 81 mg each baby aspriin dosage of nitroglycerin: Correct Answer-0.4 mg indication of nitroglycerin Correct Answer-cardiac chest pain what does nitroglycerin do? Correct Answer-vasodilator; drops your preload to help the heart pump; reduces workload; drops blood pressure conditions that must be met before administering nitroglycerin: Correct Answer-minimum systolic of 9ommhg; heart rate should be between 50-100; max of 3 contraindications of nitroglycerin Correct Answer-systolic lower than 90; cannot take with erectile dysfunciton medications; allergy indications for oral glucose: Correct Answer-altered mental status; diabetes history; ability to swallow contraindications for oral glucose: Correct Answer-unconcsious; inability to swallow action of oral glucose: Correct Answer-increases blood sugar and brain sugar levelsside effects of oral glucose: Correct Answer-airway obstruciton actions of epinephrine: Correct Answer-mimics response of sympathetic nervous system; constricts blood vessels to improve blood pressure; relaxes smooth muscles to improve breathing; stimulates heartbeat; reverses swelling and hives [Show More]

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