PSYCH 1301 STUDYGUIDE 6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%correct/certified assured success latest update

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1. In Harriet Martineau's first book on methods, the social institution of marriage is criticized as: a. based on an assumption of the inferiority of men. b reinforcing compulsory heterosexuality.... . c. based on an assumption of the inferiority of women. d perpetuating social class stratification. . 1. Positivism is best defined as: a. the effect of religion on social institutions and the individuals within them. b. the relationship between scientific and religious social institutions. c. the study of the symbolic interactions between social institutions and the individuals within them. d. the idea that we can scientifically and logically study social institutions and the individuals within them. 1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a social institution used to stop websites from selling college diplomas? a. families. b. employers. c. police forces. d. copyright law. 1. Who criticized Marx for focusing exclusively on economics and social class as explanations for human behavior and advocated sociological analyses that allowed for multiple influences? a. Harriet Martineau b. Max Weber c. Georg Simmel d. Auguste Comte The experience of internalizing a culture’s norms, values, and the like, is known as: a. ideology. b. reflection. c. hegemony. d. socialization. Who wrote Sex, Gender, and Society (1972), a. Ann Oakley b. Harriet Martineau c. W. E. B. Du Bois d. Jane Addams The examination of human behavior within a rational actor model is the focus of which of the following “cousins” of sociology? a. the biological sciences b. anthropology c. economics d. psychology Reflection theory is limited because it: a. tends to state that culture has no impact on society. b. fails to take into account why some cultural products have staying power and others fall by the wayside. c. looks only at American culture. d. is limited to a specific time in history. 1. Gender roles are the behavioral norms assumed to accompany being male or female. True False 1. We are born into an achieved status. True False 1. Which of the following provides a good example of the generalized other? a A child is taught to say “bless you” every time someone sneezes in her . home. When she is at the grocery store one day, the child says “bless you” to a complete stranger who sneezes in the checkout line. b A child goes to a friend’s house to play and is surprised when her friend . asks her to remove her shoes before coming into the house. c A little girl has a grandmother who always wears a hat. One day, the girl . sees a woman who is about her grandmother’s age and asks her where her hat is. d While at the park, a little girl notices a boy about her age standing all . alone. Feeling sorry for him, she walks over and asks him if he would like to play. People and groups who influence our orientation to life, our self- concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors are: a agents of . socialization. b motivators. . c generalized . others. d total institutions. . QUESTION 5 1. According to Goffman, we all try to make good impressions on others and we actively work to ensure that others believe they are doing the same. He calls this: a the generalized other. . b impression . management. c resocialization. . d controlling one’s . environment. 1. Organization is a specific term I can only describe specific social networks. True False 1. Banks having similar layout, similar hours of business, use of similar types of employees such as tellers is an example of isomorphism. True False QUESTION 3 1. The shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group, also called “corporate culture,” is known as: a counterculture. . b organizational . culture. c interculture. . d cross-culture. 1. Which of the following roles can be found in a triad? observ er judge counsel or mediat or 1. You and your friend have created a technology start-up. Since its inception, it has become very successful and you’ve had to hire many employees. At what point will you realize that it has become, in Simmel’s terms, a large group? a when you begin issuing stock options to employees as part of their . compensation package b when you don’t know everyone’s name . c when formal job titles are created and formal hierarchies between . employees emerge d when you have to build cubicles for your employees’ privacy 1. Harriet Martineau was the first to translate the work of Comte. True False 1. W.E.B. Dubois is the father of sociology. False 1. An example of a culture is the Amish. True False 1. The author calls hegemony the mother of all media terms. True 1. Culture will not change our values or moral beliefs. False 1. Racist stereotypes can be encouraged by the media. True False QUESTION 7 1. According to author the media determines what is newsworthy and what is not. True False QUESTION 8 1. Trying to understand social institutions is at the heart of sociological inquiry, True False QUESTION 9 1. According to our author and media does not promote sexiam, False QUESTION 10 1. Historically, Georg Simmel was recognized by all as one of the founding fathers of sociology. False QUESTION 11 1. According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following encourages sociologists to consider the individual, the society in which the individual lives and lastly the historical time frame of the individual. a. sociological imagination b. formal sociology c. macrosociology d. microsociology QUESTION 12 1. Per Herbert Gans, what has the power to influence the content of news stories? journalistic standards, including “the facts, just the facts” market forces and what the public wants to see powerful corporate boards the time and space constraints inherent in various media QUESTION 13 1. played a large role in fueling the civil rights and antiwar movements. a. Television b. The written word c. Talkie movies d. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) QUESTION 14 1. An example of nonmaterial culture is: a. cars. b. values. c. money. d. books. QUESTION 15 1. Dalton Conley notes that purchasing an online upper level diploma might cost what? a. $250.00 b. $29.95 c. $99.99 d. at least $1,000 QUESTION 16 1. Weber called understanding societies from their perspectives rather than our own, what? a. Verstehen. b. positivism. c. anomie. d. normlessness. QUESTION 17 1. Prior to Europeans interactions with non-Europeans, they tended to see their culture as: needing change. fluid, based on the social class distinctions. inferior to non-Western cultures. the only way to live. QUESTION 18 1. Sociologists and economists have shown that the benefits of higher education include higher median incomes for college graduates. This is known as: a. educational investment. b. the returns to schooling. c. study hard or be poor. d. get an education; get a job. QUESTION 19 1. According to research, because low-income parents cannot give their children every toy and gadget they want, they engage in: a. symbolic deprivation. b. deferred gratification. c. symbolic consumerism. d. symbolic indulgence. QUESTION 20 1. Marx called the working class the: a. slaves. b. proletariat. c. subordinates. d. employees. QUESTION 21 1. Which area within the discipline of anthropology is most similar to sociology? a. cultural anthropology b. genetic anthropology c. forensic anthropology d. physical anthropology QUESTION 22 1. Who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism? a. Max Weber b. Karl Marx c. Georg Simmel d. Harriet Martineau QUESTION 23 2. . Quick Links Logout FEEMA SALEEM My Blackboard Take Test: Test 2 Test Information Description This test covers chapters 4 and 5. You will have two hours to complete this test. You will also have two opportunities. Blackboard will keep your highest grade. Instructions Timed Test This test has a time limit of 2 hours.This test will save and submit automatically Multiple Attempts when the time expires. Warnings appear when half the time, 5 minutes, 1 minute, and 30 seconds remain. This test allows 2 attempts. This is attempt number 1. QUESTION 1 1. A dyad is a group of three or more. True False QUESTION 2 1. According to our author there is an ongoing debate about the impact of media has on individuals. True False QUESTION 3 1. Middle-class parents are more likely to stress independent in some direction or as working-class parents prioritize obedience to authority. True False QUESTION 4 1. The family is the primary unit of socialization. True False QUESTION 5 1. Tertius gaudens translates to divide and conquer. True False QUESTION 6 1. Primary groups are not limited in number. True False QUESTION 7 1. The mediator in a triad does not attempt to resolve problems. True False QUESTION 8 1. Banks having similar layout, similar hours of business, use of similar types of employees such as tellers is an example of isomorphism. True False QUESTION 9 1. We are born into an achieved status. True False QUESTION 10 1. George Herbert Mead studies the social self by examining the "i" and "me". True False QUESTION 11 1. The socialization process begins when? when a child can distinguish the I from me. when a child is born. when a child is still in the womb. when a child internalizes the norms and values of society. QUESTION 12 1. An ascribed status is: a. a status a person has little or no control over. b. a status into which one enters. c. a status that stands out within a status set. d. a status that a person works to accomplish. QUESTION 13 1. The final step in Mead’s theory of socialization is the development of an internalized sense of the total expectations of others. This is known as: a. the socialized other. b. the significant other. c. the first-person other. d. the generalized other. QUESTION 14 1. Which of the following statement best describes the most important difference between primary and secondary groups? size, because it is impossible to have intimacy in secondary groups. the kinds of relationships that exist within them. whether the people in the group trust each other. the level of competition for scarce resources within the group. QUESTION 15 1. A single mother who has to choose between being at work and caring for a sick child, may be experiencing which of the following? peer pressure resocialization role conflict role strain QUESTION 16 1. Because of the Hart-Cellar Act, immigrants who come to the United States today have it much easier than previous generations because they: a. have help from government agencies who place them in jobs. b. face less discrimination and hostility when they arrive in the United States. c. have less paperwork to fill out and less “red tape” to muddle through. d. have more connections to housing, jobs, and other resources in their community. QUESTION 17 1. The group of statuses that make up an individual, is called what? ascribed status. achieved status. status set. master status. QUESTION 18 1. A recognizable social position that an individual occupies, such as “student” or “professor,” is known as a: a. total institution. b. role. c. status. d. face. QUESTION 19 1. Which sociologist distinguished between primary and secondary groups? a. Max Weber b. Georg Simmel c. Erving Goffman d. Charles Horton Cooley QUESTION 20 1. A social network can be explained as , However, a social network . the relationship between two people; explains how two people know each other how people stay in touch with each other; explains how people maintain their relationship how two people know each other; is how two people maintain their relationship the connections between people; is the way in which two people form bonds QUESTION 21 1. The three basic tenets of symbolic interactionism theory include all of the following EXCEPT: a. The meanings of ideas, concepts, and values are modified and filtered through an interpretive process that each individual uses in dealing with outward signs. b. Human beings act toward ideas, concepts, and values on the basis of the meaning that those things have for them. c. The meanings of ideas, concepts, and values are the products of social interaction in human society. d. Human beings inherit mutual understandings of symbols across cultures, times, and social changes. QUESTION 22 1. When you go on a date with one other person, you have formed a: a. dyad. b. union. c. relationship. d. party. QUESTION 23 1. Harold Garfinkel developed an approach to studying human interaction that focused on how people produce (and maintain) a mutually shared social order. This method was called: a. social constructionism. b. dramaturgy. c. ethnomethodology. d. dramaturgical analysis. QUESTION 24 1. Social institutions that control all of a person's every day life is known as: bureaucracies. front stages. total institutions. ascribed statuses. QUESTION 25 1. People and groups who influence our orientation to life, our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors are: a. motivators. b. agents of socialization. c. total institutions. d. generalized others. QUESTION 26 1. According to impression management, the backstage arena would include: a. occasions when we create and maintain particular impressions of ourselves. b occasions when we are in the “public.” . c. where we are our “private selves” and where the real story takes place. d what we want others to think about us. . QUESTION 27 1. When your lecture class in which only the professor was speaking breaks off into ten small groups of five students, it has switched from being to being . a. a group; a network b. unifocal; multifocal c. a dyad; a triad d. formal; informal QUESTION 28 1. According to our author, which is the best statement referring to social capital in the U.S, today? Social capital is increasing. Social capital is decreasing. Social capital is relatively the same as it was 30 years ago. Social capital data are not available to sociologists. QUESTION 29 1. A good deal of impression management can be said to involve “teamwork.” Which of the following is NOT an example of teamwork? a. pedestrians on a street who gather to watch someone jump from a building b. parents collaborating to prevent children from knowing about their quarrels c. professors who loathe each other take care to hide this fact from their students d. political campaigners and staff who radiate a common air of confidence about the latest poll results QUESTION 30 1. Which of the following scenarios provides an example of front-stage behavior? a. Cinderella smoked a cigarette in the employee break room before going to sign autographs at the castle. b. Sam is angry at his little brother for embarrassing him in front of his girlfriend, so he refuses to take him to get ice cream. c. Sally discovers her mother-in-law is dropping by shortly, so Sally rushes to tidy up the house. d. While eating at Denny’s last night, Debbie saw a little boy pocket some money from one of the tables. The boy was not aware anyone saw him. Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. QUESTION 1 1. According to our author there is an ongoing debate about the impact of media has on individuals. True False QUESTION 2 1. A status is the expected behaviors of someone in a particular role. True False QUESTION 3 1. Which of the following scenarios provides an example of front- stage behavior? a Cinderella smoked a cigarette in the employee break room before going . to sign autographs at the castle. b While eating at Denny’s last night, Debbie saw a little boy pocket some . money from one of the tables. The boy was not aware anyone saw him. c Sam is angry at his little brother for embarrassing him in front of his . girlfriend, so he refuses to take him to get ice cream. d Sally discovers her mother-in-law is dropping by shortly, so Sally rushes . to tidy up the house. QUESTION 4 1. The popular television show Sesame Street was created with the explicit purpose of providing educational opportunities for low-income children. Being that this show was successful, we can argue that: a media has the power to erase the reproduction of inequality in . society. b low-income children now have the same opportunities as their . wealthier peers. c children are not affected by what they see on television. . d the media serves as a powerful socializing agent. . QUESTION 5 1. Most sociologists favor nurture over nature. Which statement best explains why this is so? Sociologists focus on, and as a result give primary weight to, the social environment in explaining how people think, feel, and behave. Sociologists believe humans are born as blank slates, and that the social environment trumps nature. Sociologists believe that our genetic makeup really has very little to do with who we become in life. Sociologists believe there is a complex relationship between heredity and the environment, and that we need to give equal weight to both. 1. A librarian asking you to lower your voice is an informal social sanction. True False QUESTION 2 1. Corporate crime are offense is committed by executives of a corporation. True False QUESTION 3 1. Picking your nose in public is an example of which type of deviance? a criminal . deviance b formal . deviance c secondary . deviance d informal . deviance QUESTION 4 1. What type of crime has the most financial impact in the U.S.? assault robbery white-collar crime victimless crime QUESTION 5 1. In industrialized societies, social sanctions are most likely: a associated with “an eye for an eye,” as . mentioned in the Bible. b focused on the criminal’s individual . circumstances. c ignored by the criminal justice systems. . d public punishment, as in public hangings. . 1. Robert Merton argued that the real problems behind anomie occurs when a society holds out the same goals to all of its members. True False QUESTION 2 1. Durkheim use social cohesion to explain how people form social bonds. True False QUESTION 3 1. Durkheim uses which of the following to explain why someone may commit suicide? They lack social integration. They lack anomie. They lack ego. They lack altruism. QUESTION 4 1. According to Merton, a person who completely stops participating in society’s drive to achieve its defined goals is a(n): a ritualist . . b innovat . or. c rebel. . d retreati . st. QUESTION 5 1. The theory developed by sociologists "Cloward and Ohlin" (1960) explaining the connection between street crime and legitimate economic opportunites is called what? differential opportunity theory strain theory deterrence theory broken windows theory 1. The proletariat class owns the means of production. True False QUESTION 2 1. In Hegel's dialectic both relationships are equal, with equal access to resources. True False QUESTION 3 1. Which term refers to a group or an individual transitioning from one social status to another that is situated more or less on the same rung of the ladder? a vertical social . mobility b situational social . mobility c horizontal social . mobility d stagnant social . mobility QUESTION 4 1. Mobility that is inevitable from changes in the economy is called: a vertical . mobility. b structural . mobility. c horizontal . mobility. d escalating . mobility. QUESTION 5 1. When sociologists research how class, race. social economic standing and ethnicity affect income, they are really studying which of the following concepts? stratification . segregation. levels of wealth. elitism. 1. According to Jeffrey Sachs due to Africa's lack of a vast river system, the continent relies on rain fed agriculture. True False QUESTION 2 1. Social deviance be any transgression of social established norms. True False QUESTION 3 1. The proletariat class owns the means of production. True False QUESTION 4 1. Receiving a speeding ticket is a formal social sanction. True False QUESTION 5 1. Income is everything you own minus your debts. True False QUESTION 6 1. Ericsson's central thesis is that a relatively stable amount of deviance may keep be committed in any given community. True False QUESTION 7 1. According to Goffman total institutions may become breeding grounds for secondary deviance. True False QUESTION 8 1. A rebel is an individual who rejects socially defined goals but not the means. True False QUESTION 9 1. The class system is an economically based hierarchical system. True False QUESTION 10 1. Socioeconomic status addresses the elite mass dichotomy system. True False QUESTION 11 1. Which of the following is an example of a symbolic interactionist theory of deviance? a strain theory . b normative . theory c functionalist . theory d labeling theory . QUESTION 12 1. In political speeches about the poor, those who are believed to deserve our assistance are termed the: a mentally . challenged. b handicapped. . c working poor. . d nonworking . poor. QUESTION 13 1. Which of Durkheim’s types of social solidarity characterizes modern life? a mechani . cal b anomic . c organic . d egoistic . QUESTION 14 1. Sociologist Michel Foucault’s writings on punishment in modern times, focuses on which: an eye for an eye. reforming the soul. restitution. deterrence. QUESTION 15 1. Crime and deviance: a are interchangeable; what is deviance is always a crime. . b tend to be one and the same; if something is a crime, it is . always deviant. c are two entirely different concepts. . d can be the same or entirely different phenomena. . QUESTION 16 1. Mark is a member of a small tribe in New Guinea. The majority of people in his group fish for sustenance and share their catch with all the other members. Most of the people in his culture are very similar in their values, norms, and outlook on life. Mark steals from another member of his tribe. He will probably receive which type of social realignment? a Mark will be sent to juvenile hall to be rehabilitated. . b Mark will be put on probation for months. . c Mark will have to complete 20 hours of community . service work. d Mark will be shamed in front of the entire tribe. . QUESTION 17 1. Which sociologist suggests that members of a class are grouped by their value in the commercial endeavors? Webe r Marx Millar Simm el QUESTION 18 1. Historically, Marx’s capitalist class was made up of members of the: a special . class. b proletaria . t. c bourgeoisi . e. d upper . class. 4 points 1. QUESTION 19 Which statement best describes how individuals seek to increase their personal status? driving fancy cars. living in gated communities. wearing stylish clothes. all of the above. 4 points 1. QUESTION 20 According to Sachs, one of the best ways to control population and childbirth is to: disallow marriages. decrease infanticide. provide family planning make access to education more difficult. 4 points 1. QUESTION 21 According to the author of "You May Ask Yourself" best indicator we have of crime is the: drug use rate. murder rate. birthrate. juvenile crime rate. 4 points 1. QUESTION 22 The economic system which values advancement based on achievement or ability is known as? meritocratic . opportunisti c. individualist ic. entrepreneu rial. 4 points QUESTION 23 1. Victor Rios wrote Punished: The Criminalization of Inner City Boys (2010), in which he questions whether: a replacing police officers with social workers decreases the amount of . crime in inner cities. b installing cameras at every street corner decreases crime in inner cities. . c replacing teachers in inner-city schools with police officers decreases . crime. d increasing police in inner-city neighborhoods actually increases criminal . records of the youth there. QUESTION 24 1. David Rosenhan (1973) sent some of his students to a psychiatric hospital, saying they were “hearing voices.” Each pseudo-patient was admitted and diagnosed with a mental disorder. He was illustrating theory. a differential . association b labeling . c functionalist . d strain . QUESTION 25 1. According to Thomas Robert Malthus, what keeps the population under control? royalty politics social controls inequality QUESTION 26 1. Which type of deviance did Becker study in his research on labeling and deviance? a homosexuality . b white-collar . crime c thievery . d marijuana use . QUESTION 27 1. C. Wright Mills' writings and views fits into what sociological paradigm? symbolic interactionism functionalism conflict feminism QUESTION 28 1. Which of the following statements best describes current U.S. imprisonment rates? It has remained relatively stable for the past 20 years. It has decreased in the past 20 years. It has been slowly decreasing, but only in the past five years. It is the highest in American history. QUESTION 29 1. From Émile Durkheim’s functional perspective, deviance in a society: a is functional for the lower class but not for all . parts of society. b doesn’t exist with enough agents of social . control. c is necessary for a society’s survival. . d must be eliminated through radical social . policies. QUESTION 30 1. According to Durkheim a person reacting to economic conditions negatively might commit what type of suicide? psycho tic fatalisti c egoisti c anomic 1. The class system is an economically based hierarchical system. True False 2 points 1. QUESTION 2 Social reproduction prevailed within the estate system. True False 2 points 1. QUESTION 3 Which type of stratification is based on religious beliefs and birth? caste system. estate system. hierarchy system. elite-mass hierarchy. 2 points 1. QUESTION 4 Which of the following exemplifies the ideology of equality of condition? segregation. affirmative action. health care. maternity leave. 2 points 1. QUESTION 5 People who are considered professionals, entrepreneurs and craftsmen are referred to as: petit bourgeoisie. proletariats. lumpenproletar iats. middlemen. 1. ean-Jacues Rousseau argued that stratification and inequality, Such as privileges and an equal access to resource would not result in social ills. True False QUESTION 2 1. Within a caste system one can change their social position. True False QUESTION 3 1. One factor to explain differential income growth may be the changing nature of available employment. True False QUESTION 4 1. All Americans have been affected equally by the tougher laws we now experience. True False QUESTION 5 1. An innovator is someone who rejects socially acceptable means and goals. True False QUESTION 6 1. Vilfredo Pareto and C. Wright Mills took the opposite views of stratification. True False QUESTION 7 1. Corporate crime are offense is committed by executives of a corporation. True False QUESTION 8 1. The class system in America has abolished stratification today. True False QUESTION 9 1. Durkheim use social cohesion to explain how people form social bonds. True False QUESTION 10 1. Receiving a speeding ticket is a formal social sanction. True False QUESTION 11 1. Which of Durkheim’s types of social solidarity characterizes modern life? a organic . b egoistic . c anomic . d mechani . cal QUESTION 12 1. Which type of social solidarity is based on the sameness of the individual parts and people in a society, according to Durkheim? a organic . b mechani . cal c anomic . d egoistic . QUESTION 13 1. Sexual orientation was grounds for excluding immigrants from the United States until: a 199 . 0. b 196 . 0. c 189 . 0. d 194 . 0. QUESTION 14 1. According to Karl Marx, which group must sell its labor for wages? elites working class proletariat bourgeoisi e QUESTION 15 1. The modern U.S. economy (known as a capitalist society) is an example of which of the following types of society? meritocrati c socialist entreprene urial bourgeois QUESTION 16 1. A society where status and mobility are based on individual abilities and effort, is called: meritocra cy. intelligen ce. morals. biology. QUESTION 17 1. What type of social stratification was found in the American South prior to the Civil War? estate system class system hierarchy system elite-mass hierarchy QUESTION 18 1. Which term best describes what happens when other people label a person and that label affects his or her actions? a innovation . b primary . deviance c rebellion . d secondary . deviance QUESTION 19 1. From Émile Durkheim’s functional perspective, deviance in a society: a must be eliminated through radical social . policies. b doesn’t exist with enough agents of social . control. c is necessary for a society’s survival. . d is functional for the lower class but not for all . parts of society. QUESTION 20 1. The paradox on deviance and social control presented by your textbook author in Chapter 6 is that: a it is the conformists among us who hold . society together. b it is the deviants among us who hold society . together. c social control is needed. . d deviance hurts society. . QUESTION 21 1. Which of the following is NOT one of major forces identified by Mills in current American society? economic institutions social order political order military order QUESTION 22 1. The social system where the elite are the governing body is known as: status hierarchy system. elite-mass dichotomy system. class system. caste system. QUESTION 23 1. Sociologists refer to the set of mechanisms that creates compliance to norms as which of the following? a laws . b law . enforcement c social control . d big brother . QUESTION 24 1. Which statement best describes how individuals seek to increase their personal status? driving fancy cars. living in gated communities. wearing stylish clothes. all of the above. QUESTION 25 1. In political speeches about the poor, those who are believed to deserve our assistance are termed the: a mentally . challenged. b handicapped. . c working poor. . d nonworking . poor. QUESTION 26 1. Which sociological theory describes crime as a result of adding up the costs and benefits of the criminal activity? broken windows theory differential opportunity theory labeling theory deterrence theory QUESTION 27 1. The upper class is composed primarily of CEOs, government officials, celebrities, and very successful professionals. What percentage of the population does this represent? a 50 . percent b 1 . percent c 10 . percent d 25 . percent QUESTION 28 1. The prestige of a person’s first job out of school factors into his or her position on the: a vertical model. . b status-attainment . model. c structural model. . d horizontal model. . QUESTION 29 1. The movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society is called: a social mobility. . b horizontal . mobility. c structural . mobility. d vertical . mobility. QUESTION 30 1. The U.S. estate tax is sometimes called: a the death tax. . b the elite tax. . c the middle-class . tax. d the inheritance . tax. QUESTION 1 1. All Americans have been affected equally by the tougher laws we now experience. True False QUESTION 2 1. Labeling theory offers insightAnd how people become deviants. True False QUESTION 3 1. Social reproduction prevailed within the estate system. True False QUESTION 4 1. An equality of outcome position states that we should all end up with the same economically. True False QUESTION 5 1. The proletariat class owns the means of production. True False QUESTION 6 1. Robert Merton argued that the real problems behind anomie occurs when a society holds out the same goals to all of its members. True False QUESTION 7 1. The class system is an economically based hierarchical system. True False QUESTION 8 1. Ericsson's central thesis is that a relatively stable amount of deviance may keep be committed in any given community. True False QUESTION 9 1. Too little or too much social integration increases the risk of suicide. True False QUESTION 10 1. Over the past 30 years the income gap between a corporate executive and the single mother waitress is from exponentially. True False QUESTION 11 1. Which of the following concepts best describes the situation of recently released criminals being caught committing another crime? specific deterrence. general deterrence. anomie. recidivism. QUESTION 12 1. Within organic solidarity, what response to deviance is designed to transform the offender into a productive member of society? a recidivist . b rehabilitat . ive c repressive . d restitutive . QUESTION 13 1. A crime such as burglary is also known as which type of deviance? a secondary . deviance b informal . deviance c formal . deviance d social deviance . QUESTION 14 1. In industrialized societies, social sanctions are most likely: a ignored by the criminal justice systems. . b public punishment, as in public hangings. . c focused on the criminal’s individual . circumstances. d associated with “an eye for an eye,” as . mentioned in the Bible. QUESTION 15 1. Which theory explains how social context and social cues impact the way individuals act, specifically, whether or not local, informal norms allow acts such as vandalizing an abandoned car? a symbolic interactionist . theory b strain theory . c broken windows theory . d differential opportunity . theory QUESTION 16 1. Punishments that are based on the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership are known as unspoken rules and as: a formal social . sanctions. b informal social . sanctions. c restitutive. . d rehabilitative. . QUESTION 17 1. Violation of laws enacted by society is also known as: a informal . deviance. b unofficial . deviance. c secondary . deviance. . a yearly bonuses . b wage labor . c returns on . investments d inheritance . QUESTION 20 1. C. Wright Mills' writings and views fits into what sociological paradigm? symbolic interactionism functionalism conflict feminism QUESTION 21 1. Which of the following exemplifies the ideology of equality of condition? segregation. affirmative action. health care. maternity leave. QUESTION 22 1. Which of the following types of inequality did Jean-Jacques Rousseau write how it would always exist in society? physic al social neithe r both QUESTION 23 1. When sociologists research how class, race. social economic standing and ethnicity affect income, they are really studying which of the following concepts? stratification . segregation. levels of wealth. elitism. QUESTION 24 1. The rise and fall of an individual (or group) from one social stratum to another is called: a elevator social . mobility. b vertical social . mobility. c structural social . mobility. d horizontal social . mobility. QUESTION 25 1. Which of the following is a sense of hopelessness that arises when life is no longer predictable? anomie organic solidarity mechanical solidarity collective conscience QUESTION 26 1. If there was a society where a carpenter, a computer programer and a doctor all recieved the exact same salary, lived in the same type of neighborhoods and all had the same type of car, this would be an example of which standard of equality? equality of opportunity ontological equality equality of condition equality of outcome QUESTION 27 1. Victor Rios wrote Punished: The Criminalization of Inner City Boys (2010), in which he questions whether: a replacing teachers in inner-city schools with police officers decreases . crime. b installing cameras at every street corner decreases crime in inner cities. . c replacing police officers with social workers decreases the amount of . crime in inner cities. d increasing police in inner-city neighborhoods actually increases criminal . records of the youth there. QUESTION 28 1. What is one of the main reasons cited for rising income and wealth inequality in the United States? a political control . b globalization . c upper-class . investments d bureaucracy . QUESTION 29 1. According to Sachs, one of the best ways to control population and childbirth is to: disallow marriages. decrease infanticide. provide family planning make access to education more difficult. QUESTION 30 1. Michel Foucault's wriiting on regimenting individuals with tools such as standardize tests, is called: disciplinary techniques. total institutions. specific deterrence. general deterrence. QUESTION 1 1. The social construction of race consists of a set of storiesWe tell ourselves to organize reality. True False QUESTION 2 1. From a biological ddeterminism perspective there are only two genders, determined by one's sex. True False QUESTION 3 1. According to Foucault our society today places a huge emphasis on sexuality. True False QUESTION 4 1. Among the ancient Greeks homosexual relationships were accepted. True False QUESTION 5 1. Early Asian immigrants were perceived as an essential labor force. True False QUESTION 6 1. The emphasis placed on our biological sex is a result of society. True False QUESTION 7 1. Most people find assimilation into American society very easy. True False QUESTION 8 1. All black people brought to North America arrived to slaves. True False QUESTION 9 1. According to archaeological findings the original settlers of North America arrivedAnywhere between 12,000 and 50,000 years ago from Northeast Asia. True False QUESTION 10 1. When we apply our sociological imagination to gender we will come across many feminists strands of thought. True False QUESTION 11 1. Which group argues that sexuality in America is an expression of the unequal power balance between men and women? a postmodernists . b psychoanalysts . c Marxist feminists . d symbolic . interactionists 4 points 1. QUESTION 12 The concept of race is neither biological or a natural reality; race is: genetic. biologically invented. an environmental reality. a social construction. 4 points 1. QUESTION 13 The concept of race: a has changed over . time. b is biological. . c is stable and . constant. d all of the above. . QUESTION 14 1. While about 20% of American Muslims are , whereas Arabians in American are primarily not Muslim. Catholic; Asian Islamic; Latino African American; Christian Protestant; East Indian QUESTION 15 1. Christians misinterpret the curse that Noah put on Ham to mean that Ham: was the original black man. was no longer going to be king. never had descendants. was perverted. QUESTION 16 1. Which term refers to the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits? a racism . b blackis . m c ethnis . m d whitis . m QUESTION 17 1. It is difficult to explain gender because Judith Lorber notes that gender, rather than being natural, is: psychological. emotional. a social institution. biological. QUESTION 18 1. The research of Carol Gilligan found that unlike boys on the playground, girls tend to: play games with more complex rules, and were less likely to bend the rules. play more competitive, rule-intensive games. play more cooperative and people-based games. have more rules governing notions of fairness. QUESTION 19 1. Although women now outnumber men in terms of college enrollment, men still dominate which fields? a math and physics . b sociology and . economics c sociology and math . d physics and . economics QUESTION 20 1. Which group believed that different races were distinct species? a polygenis . ts b Darwinist . s c monogeni . sts d Catholics . QUESTION 21 1. Jobs that have been feminized, such as teaching or secretarial work, are also referred to as: a girls’ clubs. . b powder-puff . jobs. c white-collar . jobs. d pink-collar . jobs. QUESTION 22 1. Americans think of race in terms of which two colors? black and brown. black and white. red and black. brown and white. QUESTION 23 1. Darwin along with which group, believed that there is only one human species and the idea of different human species was ridiculous? Protestan ts monogeni sts polygenis ts Catholics QUESTION 24 1. Race has no biological basis, but it does have: influences heredity. important social influence. genetic importance. physical importance. QUESTION 25 1. The majority of the Latinos in the United States come from: a the Dominican . Republic. b Mexico. . c Puerto Rico. . d Cuba. . QUESTION 26 1. Which term refers to the practice of African Americans acting differently when attempting to be accepted by the dominant group? collective resistance subalterning redlining code switching QUESTION 27 1. The vast majority of surgeries to make intersex children conform to the society's ideal of normal genitalia: reassign an ambiguous male anatomy into a female one. are successful. are done according to what the parents want. are not done until the child is older. QUESTION 28 1. When token men enter feminized jobs, they enjoy a quicker rise to leadership positions. This is referred to as: a glass . elevator. b glass wall. . c glass . ceiling. d glass . escalator. QUESTION 29 1. Which of the following statements is not an example of Epstein's concept of deceptive distinctions? a woman who is a nurse and behaves in nurturing and emotive ways a man who is a Supreme Court judge and behaves in rational and restrained ways a girl who is a cheerleader and acts unanimated and unenthusiastic a boy who is a football player who acts fearless and bold QUESTION 30 1. Social Darwinism was the evolutionary notion of: a domination. . b race. . c survival of the . fittest. d genetics. . Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. QUESTION 1 1. According to Foucault our society today places a huge emphasis on sexuality. True False QUESTION 2 1. From a biological ddeterminism perspective there are only two genders, determined by one's sex. True False QUESTION 3 1. According to Ann Stoler sexuality is rarely the salient marker of otherness. True False QUESTION 4 1. Pluralism means a low degree of assimilation exists. True False QUESTION 5 1. Functionalism would not support the modern-day situation of the stay-at-home dad. True False QUESTION 6 1. In some cultures homosexuality is practice as a method of birth control, before and after a heterosexual marriage. True False QUESTION 7 1. Among the ancient Greeks homosexual relationships were accepted. True False QUESTION 8 1. According to our author, the one drop rule helped divide America into two societies. True False QUESTION 9 1. Gayle Rubin argued that the nearly universal oppression of women need to be explained. True False QUESTION 10 1. In the first year at your 9/11 the number of anti-Muslim hate crimes decreased dramatically. True False QUESTION 11 1. Which group argues that sexuality in America is an expression of the unequal power balance between men and women? a Marxist feminists . b symbolic . interactionists c postmodernists . d psychoanalysts . QUESTION 12 1. What was the theory developed by Talcott Parsons, addressing the ideal family arrangement called? sex role theory gender role theory patriarchal theory structural functional theory QUESTION 13 1. Sex refers to the biological however the sociological concept of gender is which of the following? psychological characteristics. physical characteristics. philosophical characteristics. social characteristics. QUESTION 14 1. It wasn't until the 1950s that Americans focused on cultural theories of race and ethnicity, setting aside the past belief of: biblical theories of race. racialization. miscegenation. eugenics. QUESTION 15 1. Social Darwinism was the evolutionary notion of: a domination. . b survival of the . fittest. c genetics. . d race. . QUESTION 16 1. The parents of and surgeons involved with a child born genitally ambifuous rush to assign a specific sex to the child why? the desire to know what color to paint the baby’s room psychological dissonance the need to assign a gender-appropriate name social discomfort and fear of difference QUESTION 17 1. The individual fixed effects technique is a statistical process that involves which of the following? comparing a particular outcome across time as some factor changes. comparing two groups of subjects who are similar in all respects except that only one of the groups has experienced the independent variable. determining which factor accounts for a particular effect. comparing key variables that resist fixed effects across populations. QUESTION 18 1. Opponents of gay and lesbian couplings claim that homosexuality is “unnatural” because they believe sex should only be about: a marriage. . b reproducti . on. c gender. . d biology. . QUESTION 19 1. It is argued in your text that gender structures social relationships by giving men the advantage in society. Which of the following is LEAST likely to happen? a When men enter female-dominated occupations, they often become . victims of sexual harassment. b When men enter female-dominated occupations, they are encouraged . to advance on the glass escalator. c When women enter a male-dominated occupation, they often become . victims of sexual harassment. d When women enter male-dominated occupations, they may hit a glass . ceiling. QUESTION 20 1. Which of the following concepts does not describe the three genders found in Navajo tribes? feminin e hijra nadle masculi ne QUESTION 21 1. All of the following are positive traits for a man within today's hegemonic masculinity views EXCEPT: heterosexuality strong jawline and muscular body emotional sensitivity a love of sports QUESTION 22 1. Mexicans are generally classified as a physical type that combines Native American and European traits and referred to as: a half- . breeds. b biracial. . c hybrids. . d mestizos . . QUESTION 23 1. Which of the following best defines miscegenation? segregation. incest. interracial marriage. mixed races. QUESTION 24 1. According to E. Grosz the interaction between sex and gender should be viewed as a Mobius strip because: sex comes before gender and dictates behavior. you can separate sex and gender into two distinct entities. sex and gender are two sides of the same coin and are thus inseparable. it is easier to siphon out the effects of each in this way. QUESTION 25 1. The majority of Latinos in the United States have immigrated here within the last years. a 4 . 0 b 8 . 0 c 2 . d 1 . 0 QUESTION 26 1. In one study of television portrayals of Arabs, researchers found basic myths that continue to surround this group. Which of the following is NOT one of these myths? a They do not assimilate. . b They are uncivilized and . barbaric. c They are fabulously . wealthy. d They revel in acts of . terrorism. QUESTION 27 1. Alfred Kinsey’s 1948 study, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is important because: a it viewed the sexual behavior of men as more deviant than what was . initially thought, lending support to the psychiatric diagnosis of homosexuality as “perverse.” b it increased funding to researchers interested in studying the sexual . practices of other deviant subcultures. c sexual topics became “taboo” for the first time in history. . d it viewed sexuality as falling on a continuum, thus challenging the . psychiatric claim of homosexuality as “abnormal.” QUESTION 28 1. While about 20% of American Muslims are , whereas Arabians in American are primarily not Muslim. Catholic; Asian Islamic; Latino African American; Christian Protestant; East Indian QUESTION 29 1. The one-drop rule asserts that just “one drop” of black blood makes: a a person biracial. . b a person more . criminal. c a person less . intelligent. d a person black. . QUESTION 30 1. Which term refers to the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits? a racism . b ethnis . m c whitis . m d blackis . m 1. a woman who is a nurse and behaves in nurturing and emotive ways a man who is a Supreme Court judge and behaves in rational and restrained ways a girl who is a cheerleader and acts unanimated and unenthusiastic a boy who is a football player who acts fearless and bold QUESTION 28 1. Which term refers to a pseudoscience of genetic lines and the inheritable traits they pass on from generation to generation? a eugenics . b sociogenic . s c biogenics . d race . relations QUESTION 29 1. Which group believed that humans were one species, united under God? a Darwinist . s b polygenis . ts c Catholics . d monogeni . sts QUESTION 30 1. Americans think of race in terms of which two colors? black and brown. black and white. red and black. brown and white. QUESTION 1 1. From a biological ddeterminism perspective there are only two genders, determined by one's sex. True False QUESTION 2 1. Most people find assimilation into American society very easy. True False QUESTION 3 1. According to our author, the one drop rule helped divide America into two societies. True False QUESTION 4 1. According to archaeological findings the original settlers of North America arrivedAnywhere between 12,000 and 50,000 years ago from Northeast Asia. True False QUESTION 5 1. The patriarchy combined with capitalism make women economically dependent on men's income. True False QUESTION 6 1. According to some scholars the idea of race did not exist in the ancient world. True False QUESTION 7 1. Classrooms function as a gender training ground for boys and girls. True False QUESTION 8 1. Eugenics was used as a basis for H.H.Goddard to generalize his intelligence tests to a whole population. True False QUESTION 9 1. In the first year at your 9/11 the number of anti-Muslim hate crimes decreased dramatically. True False QUESTION 10 1. The positive stereotype applied to Asian Americans is not always beneficial. True False QUESTION 11 1. Believing that sex is either male or female may bring order and help us make sense of difficult or complicated situations, it also: helps us understand reproduction. limits our ability to accept difference. helps us understand hormonal birth defects. explains social implications. 4 points 1. QUESTION 12 Which of the following statements is not a true statement regarding the hijras in India? The hijra identity is secret, and no one can tell who is or isn’t a hijra. Much of what it means to be a hijra has nothing to do with gender. The hijra’s life is marked by self-sacrifice, poverty, and a highly stigmatized identity. If a man becomes a hijra, his identity becomes his master status. 4 points 1. QUESTION 13 Buffon's specification of people assumed which group was "normal"? Americ an African Europe an British 4 points QUESTION 14 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason why sociologists view gender as a social construction rather than a biological given? a Cross-cultural studies show us that there is enormous variation in how . people “do gender.” b Contemporary studies show us that men and women have different . personality structures, the innate by-product of existing social structural relations. c Societies in various historical periods have made sense of the . “plumbing” in very different ways. d Our understandings of, categorizations of, and behaviors toward what it . means to be a man or woman have changed throughout history. QUESTION 15 1. Which of the following concepts allows anyone to identify with a nationality, without being a citizen of that country? genetic identity race ethnicity heritage QUESTION 16 1. When token men enter feminized jobs, they enjoy a quicker rise to leadership positions. This is referred to as: a glass . elevator. b glass . ceiling. c glass wall. . d glass . escalator. QUESTION 17 1. H. H. Goddard practice his tests used to generalize about immigrants to the U.S. on: immigrants at Ellis Island immigrants who worked in factories immigrants on ships to America factory managers QUESTION 18 1. In Nazis Germany, due to indistinguishable physical characteristics, the Jews were forced to: wear a yellow Star of David. identify themselves as Jewish immediately in conversation. use their birth names. live in certain parts of the country. QUESTION 19 1. Alfred Kinsey’s 1948 study, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is important because: a it viewed sexuality as falling on a continuum, thus challenging the . psychiatric claim of homosexuality as “abnormal.” b it increased funding to researchers interested in studying the sexual . practices of other deviant subcultures. c it viewed the sexual behavior of men as more deviant than what was . initially thought, lending support to the psychiatric diagnosis of homosexuality as “perverse.” d sexual topics became “taboo” for the first time in history. . QUESTION 20 1. Within the sex/gender system, overall men preform jobs or tasks that: require more strength. are accorded higher value than those done by women. require more intelligence. require more education. QUESTION 21 1. The individual fixed effects technique is a statistical process that involves which of the following? comparing a particular outcome across time as some factor changes. comparing two groups of subjects who are similar in all respects except that only one of the groups has experienced the independent variable. determining which factor accounts for a particular effect. comparing key variables that resist fixed effects across populations. QUESTION 22 1. Darwin along with which group, believed that there is only one human species and the idea of different human species was ridiculous? Protestan ts monogeni sts polygenis ts Catholics QUESTION 23 1. Ethnocentrism claims people of color are abnormal and inferior to help justify: racism. imperalism. cultural relativism. war. QUESTION 24 1. Although women now outnumber men in terms of college enrollment, men still dominate which fields? a math and physics . b physics and . economics c sociology and . economics d sociology and math . QUESTION 25 1. The black ghetto was manufactured by whites through a set of deliberate, conscious practices. Which of the following is NOT one of the practices mentioned in your book? a redlining . b property owners signed secret agreements promising to . exclude blacks c if blacks moved in, whites would move out . d high homeowner association dues . QUESTION 26 1. According to Robert Merton, “middle-range” theories are useful because they: a connect the biological to the social structural . level. b highlight how individual practices influence social . institutions. c connect our day-to-day experiences to larger . social forces. d attempt to discover the validity of the “woman” . question. QUESTION 27 1. Which of the following statements is not an example of Epstein's concept of deceptive distinctions? a woman who is a nurse and behaves in nurturing and emotive ways a man who is a Supreme Court judge and behaves in rational and restrained ways a girl who is a cheerleader and acts unanimated and unenthusiastic a boy who is a football player who acts fearless and bold QUESTION 28 1. Which term refers to a pseudoscience of genetic lines and the inheritable traits they pass on from generation to generation? a eugenics . b sociogenic . s c biogenics . d race . relations QUESTION 29 1. Which group believed that humans were one species, united under God? a Darwinist . s b polygenis . ts c Catholics . d monogeni . sts QUESTION 30 1. Americans think of race in terms of which two colors? black and brown. black and white. red and black. brown and white. QUESTION 1 1. Sexuality in America is an expression of an equal power balance between men and women. True False QUESTION 2 1. According to Foucault our society today places a huge emphasis on sexuality. True False QUESTION 3 1. Male workers are more likely to be objects of sexual suspicion. True False QUESTION 4 1. According to Ann Stoler sexuality is rarely the salient marker of otherness. True False QUESTION 5 1. The differences between race and ethnicity_the privileged position of whites in America. True False QUESTION 6 1. All black people brought to North America arrived to slaves. True False QUESTION 7 1. Among the ancient Greeks homosexual relationships were accepted. True False QUESTION 8 1. According to our authorWomen are paid $.81 to every dollar a man makes. True False QUESTION 9 1. The positive stereotype applied to Asian Americans is not always beneficial. True False QUESTION 10 1. Eugenics was used as a basis for H.H.Goddard to generalize his intelligence tests to a whole population. True False QUESTION 11 1. In Nazis Germany, due to indistinguishable physical characteristics, the Jews were forced to: wear a yellow Star of David. identify themselves as Jewish immediately in conversation. use their birth names. live in certain parts of the country. QUESTION 12 1. In cultures where scant resources are available, homosexuality is practical because: a it reduces STDs. . b it keeps down the birthrate. . c women don’t enjoy sex. . d many women die during . childbirth. QUESTION 13 1. Which of the following statements is not a true statement regarding the hijras in India? The hijra identity is secret, and no one can tell who is or isn’t a hijra. Much of what it means to be a hijra has nothing to do with gender. The hijra’s life is marked by self-sacrifice, poverty, and a highly stigmatized identity. If a man becomes a hijra, his identity becomes his master status. QUESTION 14 1. Which term refers to a pseudoscience of genetic lines and the inheritable traits they pass on from generation to generation? a biogenics . b sociogenic . s c race . relations d eugenics . QUESTION 15 1. People with a lighter complexions were thought to be smarter, per Lavater's theory of: physiognomy intelligence civic values biological superiority QUESTION 16 1. It wasn't until the 1950s that Americans focused on cultural theories of race and ethnicity, setting aside the past belief of: biblical theories of race. racialization. miscegenation. eugenics. 4 points 1. QUESTION 17 Which of the following concepts does not describe the three genders found in Navajo tribes? feminin e hijra nadle masculi ne 4 points QUESTION 18 1. Asians have been applauded for their smooth assimilation and are referred to as: a entrepreneurs. . b small . businessmen. c more . intelligent. d the model . minority. QUESTION 19 1. There is a belief, within society, that we can trace human characteristics through: our ethnicity. our place of birth. our race. our lineage. QUESTION 20 1. Thoughts and feelings (usually negative) about an ethnic or racial group are referred to as: a prejudice. . b subaltern. . c modern . racism. d discriminati . on. QUESTION 21 1. Which one of the following statements does NOT reinforce the concept of only two genders? the surprisingly frequent occurrence of intersex infants. the existence of transgender issues. the existence of male/female teams in sports. the existence of more than two gender groups in other cultures. QUESTION 22 1. The basic idea behind feminism is that women and men should be: a treated as individuals. . b accorded equal opportunities and . respect. c treated differently according to . their gender. d given opportunities according to . their sex. QUESTION 23 1. Which of the following variables will not resist the individual fxed effects process? age. race. political attitudes. birth order. QUESTION 24 1. Which of the following is NOT a response to oppression? a accepta . nce b withdra . wal c prejudic . e d passing . QUESTION 25 1. The parents of and surgeons involved with a child born genitally ambifuous rush to assign a specific sex to the child why? the desire to know what color to paint the baby’s room psychological dissonance the need to assign a gender-appropriate name social discomfort and fear of difference QUESTION 26 1. What is the term that refers to desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior? a sex . b gender . c sexuality . d sexual . orientation QUESTION 27 1. Which group believed that different races were distinct species? a Catholics . b polygenis . ts c Darwinist . s d monogeni . sts QUESTION 28 1. Which minority group has the highest percentage of males in prison? a blacks . b whites . c Native . Americans d Hispanics . QUESTION 29 1. What policy did the Bush administration and the group True Love Waits advocate for abstinence in teens? a virginity pledge . b godly teens’ . promise c marriage . matters d pure body . pledge QUESTION 30 1. From an essentialist perspective which of the following statements is not an argument for why women are dominant in jobs that involve caring? women are naturally better caregivers than men. women instinctively know how to care for others better than men. gender establishes different cultures and expectations for men and women. women find occupations that involve caring more suitable to their nature. QUESTION 1 1. The other is someone or something outside of one's self. True False QUESTION 2 1. Groups larger than the dyad can be classified into three types, according to Simmel. True False QUESTION 3 1. The process by which you learn to become a functioning member of society is called socialization. True False QUESTION 4 1. Your narrative is your sum of stories contained by a set of ties. True False QUESTION 5 1. Re-socialization is the process by which one social values and beliefs and norms are reengineered. True False QUESTION 6 1. The mediator in a triad does not attempt to resolve problems. True False QUESTION 7 1. A prison is an example of a total institution. True False QUESTION 8 1. A small group is characterized by the fact that members do not have face-to-face interaction. True False QUESTION 9 1. Tertius gaudens translates to divide and conquer. True False QUESTION 10 1. A status is the expected behaviors of someone in a particular role. True False QUESTION 11 1. What do sociologists call the process of people internalizing their values, beliefs and norms? education. socialization. dramaturgy. ethnomethodol ogy. QUESTION 12 1. The term “six degrees of separation” came out of research undertaken by Stanley Milgram, who wanted to test: a the reach of social networks. . b how social chains operate in organizations. . c how strangers meet at cocktail parties. . d the number of steps people take before . landing in prison. QUESTION 13 1. A couple and one child are what type of group? a dyad. a triad. a party. a small group. QUESTION 14 1. The example of how real estate agents earn money by contractually maintaining or creating distance or contact between potential buyers and sellers highlights which of the following? a bureaucraci . es b structural . holes c narratives . d social . capital QUESTION 15 1. Sociologist Harold Garfinkel created “breaching experiments” in order to: see if groups that were matched on important social characteristics would react differently when the independent variable was introduced. ascertain if civic inattention operated in a wide variety of social situations. reveal the presence of unspoken expectations that people in particular roles have of one another. see if people avoid eye contact when they are placed in an uncomfortable situation. QUESTION 16 1. According to impression management, the backstage arena would include: a occasions when we are in the “public.” . b what we want others to think about us. . c occasions when we create and maintain particular . impressions of ourselves. d where we are our “private selves” and where the real story . takes place. QUESTION 17 1. Because of the Hart-Cellar Act, immigrants who come to the United States today have it much easier than previous generations because they: a have help from government agencies who place them in jobs. . b have less paperwork to fill out and less “red tape” to muddle . through. c have more connections to housing, jobs, and other resources in . their community. d face less discrimination and hostility when they arrive in the . United States. QUESTION 18 1. An ascribed status is: a a status a person has little or no . control over. b a status into which one enters. . c a status that a person works to . accomplish. d a status that stands out within a . status set. QUESTION 19 1. The three basic tenets of symbolic interactionism theory include all of the following EXCEPT: a The meanings of ideas, concepts, and values are modified and filtered . through an interpretive process that each individual uses in dealing with outward signs. b The meanings of ideas, concepts, and values are the products of social . interaction in human society. c Human beings inherit mutual understandings of symbols across . cultures, times, and social changes. d Human beings act toward ideas, concepts, and values on the basis of . the meaning that those things have for them. QUESTION 20 1. Most sociologists (and biologists) argue that race is a human invention, or is socially constructed. Which of the following statements does NOT highlight how race is socially constructed? a Irish and Jews, who were both regarded as “blacks” by some people 100 . years ago, are now considered “white.” b Racial categories on census forms have continued to change over time. . c Racial boundaries provide an obvious and natural means of dividing the . world. d Because of cross-cultural differences in how race is defined, it is likely . that you would be considered a different race in another country. QUESTION 21 1. Two young men are on an elevator together. After briefly acknowledging each other’s presence, they “politely ignore” each other for the remainder of the ride. Goffman would refer to this behavior as an example of: a backstage . behavior. b an opening . signal. c a given-off . gesture. d civic . inattention. QUESTION 22 1. Which of the following statements best describes the difference between in-groups and out-groups? a In-groups are more . powerful. b Out-groups are numerically . greater. c In-groups are numerically . smaller. d Out-groups are more . powerful. QUESTION 23 1. The Asch’s experiments on group conformity demonstrate: that people conform to group pressure even if they value independence. how anyone can be susceptible to group pressure than men. how powerful the influence of a group can be on an individual. All of the above. QUESTION 24 1. Which of the following theories argues that people’s feelings and choices about how to act are based on shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions? a dramaturgical . theory b symbolic . interactionism c role theory . d functionalism . QUESTION 25 1. Today’s assumption that childhood represents a distinct phase in the life course stands in sharp contrast to the notion of children as “little adults” that was popular in preindustrial times. This example highlights: a how children have redefined their status over . the years. b how children’s views of themselves have . changed over time. c how our notions of childhood are socially . constructed. d how children today are different from children in . the past. QUESTION 26 1. The sum of stories about a set of ties that exist between people is known as a: a uniplex tie. . b narrative. . c multiplex . tie. d social . network. QUESTION 27 1. Most sociologists favor nurture over nature. Which statement best explains why this is so? Sociologists focus on, and as a result give primary weight to, the social environment in explaining how people think, feel, and behave. Sociologists believe humans are born as blank slates, and that the social environment trumps nature. Sociologists believe that our genetic makeup really has very little to do with who we become in life. Sociologists believe there is a complex relationship between heredity and the environment, and that we need to give equal weight to both. QUESTION 28 1. Which theorist stated that people are a social mirror, and affect how we see ourselves? Erving Goffman Émile Durkheim George Herbert Mead Charles Horton Cooley QUESTION 29 1. Unconscious signals of our true feelings, such as nonverbal behaviors, are known by Goffman as: a closing acts. . b given-off . gestures. c opening acts. . d opening . gestures. QUESTION 30 1. In hopes of earning a few dollars on investments they no longer use or want, some people take their household items to consignment shops, while other people sell their items on eBay. Which method of selling can be argued to have more structural holes? a selling via eBay, because structural holes increase as the number of . bids increases b selling via eBay, because buyers and sellers can negotiate without third- . party interference c selling through a consignment shop, because buyers are prevented from . negotiating with sellers d selling via a consignment shop, because everyone (buyers, sellers, shop . owners) benefits Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. QUESTION 1 1. Because social scientist with people controlled environment of a laboratory experiment is not always an option. True False QUESTION 2 1. Reliability is the extent to which an instrument measures what is it intended. True False QUESTION 3 1. In early modern families the kinship network included strangers. True False QUESTION 4 1. America has the highest divorce rate of any comparable western country. True False QUESTION 5 1. Sociologists have noted that theo gender gap does not exist in the chores men and women engage in at home. True False QUESTION 6 1. The picking order refers to an invisible struggle that takes place within the home. True False QUESTION 7 1. Social scientists sometimes find spurious relationships exists between two variables that appear to have causality. True False QUESTION 8 1. In the 1950s a pregnant teenage girl was more likely to get married than one in 1990. True False QUESTION 9 1. American men and women earn about the same. True False QUESTION 10 1. Women who buy into the "super mom" myth find it empowering. True False QUESTION 11 1. Which is the largest minority group in America? African American Asian American Indian Latino QUESTION 12 1. Which of the following is an example of a panel survey (also known as a longitudinal study)? a a survey of 500 fourth-grade students that is repeated with a new group . of fourth-grade students every year for ten years b a study of 500 fourth-grade students who are then contacted every two . years for an eight-year period in follow-up studies c a survey of 500 fourth-grade students questioned at the beginning of . the school year and again at the end of the school year d a survey of 500 fourth-grade students conducted by a panel of social . scientists from different disciplines QUESTION 13 1. The research method that uses information that can be converted to numerical form is: a deductive . research. b inductive . research. c qualitative . research. d quantitative . research. QUESTION 14 1. What label did Hochschild place on women who take on all the responsibility of caring for the home, children and a career? “supermom strategy.” “cult of domesticity.” “gender factory.” “pecking order.” QUESTION 15 1. A(n) is an in-depth look at a specific phenomenon or situation in a particular social setting and is common in qualitative research. a survey . b experiment . c participant . observation d case study . QUESTION 16 1. Sociologists gather data using which broad methods? Trial and error. qualitative and quantitative. implicit and explicit. correlational and causal. QUESTION 17 1. Research subjects have a right to know that they are participating in a study and what the study consists of. This is known as: a manifest content. . b latent content. . c involuntary . participation. d informed consent. . QUESTION 18 1. When compared to the 1990s, views regarding gay and lesbian marriage are becoming increasingly a divided between positive and . negative b indifferent . c positive . d negative . QUESTION 19 1. Sandra is doing research on how many hours Grayson College students spend studying each week. The student body at Grayson College will serve as her: sample. population. random sample. fieldwork. QUESTION 20 1. There are advantages and disadvantages to different interview techniques. What might be an advantage that structured interviews have over unstructured (open-ended) interviews? a It is easier to get more detailed information. . b It is easier to develop a rapport with the respondent. . c It is easier to make careful tabulations and . comparisons of answers. d It is easier to ask more personal questions. . QUESTION 21 1. Which of the following is more difficult to do in social science research? a to propose a relationship between two . variables b to argue that two things are related . c to establish that something is the cause of . something else d to say that two things change at the same . time QUESTION 22 1. In social research, a hypothesis is: a a proposed relationship between two or more . variables. b an explanation for why two variables are . correlated. c a description for why a particular social . phenomenon occurs. d an educated guess. . QUESTION 23 1. The more consistent the results given by repeated measurements, the higher the of the measurement procedure (and vice versa). reliability validity efficiency responsive ness QUESTION 24 1. What is the meaning of the term white coat effects in social research? a the change in a subject’s behavior when researchers wear . white coats b the structuring of a research project to maintain total . anonymity c when researchers “put on the charm” to get compliance . from their subjects d the impact researchers have on the people/relationships . they study QUESTION 25 1. Many colleges and universities have gone to an online system for evaluating teaching effectiveness. Although this process guarantees anonymity, the completion rate (percentage of students who fill out evaluations) has dropped. Which of the following is NOT a significant problem with low response rates in this situation? a Only students who like their instructors may complete the evaluations. . b Instructors may not get accurate feedback about their teaching . methods. c Students who complete the survey may be different in significant ways . from those who do not. d Students who do not complete the evaluations may end up taking the . wrong classes. QUESTION 26 1. A double-blind study means that: a neither the subjects nor the researchers know the “real” reason they are . involved in a study. b neither the subjects nor the researchers are aware that a study is taking . place. c neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is in the . experimental group or the control group. d the subjects are blind as to whether they are getting the actual . treatment under consideration or a simulated treatment. QUESTION 27 1. Dalton Conleys research found in his book "The Pecking Order" found that the average income of girls reared by mothers who did not work outside of the home, compared how to girls reared by mothers who did work outside of the home? They are less likely to earn as much as their brother(s). They are likely to earn more than their brother(s). They are more likely to earn a salary-based income. They are less likely to earn a salary-based income. QUESTION 28 1. When one variable affects another variable, this is known as: correlati on. associati on. causality. mediatio n. QUESTION 29 1. The relationship of people who are related by blood and/or marriage, and live either together or very near is known as a: social network. kinship network. functionalist network. family network. QUESTION 30 1. Comparative research usually involves studying: a a dominant and subordinate group in a particular culture to determine . the ways in which their activities continue to reproduce inequalities. b two cultures that have virtually nothing in common in order to . determine why they are so different. c two cultures that have a good number of things in common but differ in . one important dimension—this dimension becomes the subject of the study. d several groups within a particular culture in order to identify how and . why they differ from the dominant culture. Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. 1. True False QUESTION 2 1. The role of a housewife developed from the industrial revolution. True False QUESTION 3 1. Which concept best describes a woman with many husbands? monoga my. endogam y. polyandr y. polygyny. QUESTION 4 1. As your text points out, single mothers and poverty often go hand in hand. What is the primary reason their employment opportunities typically limit them to low-wage work? a Single mothers are often unskilled and have less education than the . average American. b Their only other higher-paying option is criminal activity such as . prostitution or drug dealing. c Many single mothers lack the motivation required for higher-paying . work. d Single mothers lack the connections needed to obtain higher-paying . work. QUESTION 5 1. People who marry somone similar, such as within their social class or religion, are practicing: endogam y. exogamy. monoga my. polygam y. 1. The nuclear family includes father, mother, children, cousins, grandparents, aunts and uncles. True False QUESTION 2 1. Elder abuse is a relatively new field of study. True False QUESTION 3 1. Families prior to the industrial age, are best described by which statement? Husbands and wives were partners, not only in making a home but also in making a living. There were distinct differences between public and private spheres. The division of labor between the sexes was substantial, as men worked the fields and women labored in the house. The nuclear family was isolated from extended kin. QUESTION 4 1. Children prior to the age of industialization, were: thought of as small adults who didn’t warrant any special treatment or nurturing. treated in the same manner as contemporary children. sent to work by the age of 12, although before then, they were treated as children are today. ideally, seen and not heard. QUESTION 5 1. According to the chart in chapter 10 our text "You May Ask Yourself" what percentage of marriages end up in divorce? 10 percent 25 percent 40 percent 75 percent Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save [Show More]

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