critical care final exam (1)

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The nurse observes that the patient’s ventilations become progressively more shallow until the patient actively and forcefully exhales. This is a sign of: a. tidal volume. b. positive end-expirat... ory breathing. c. air trapping or obstructed breathing. d. pulmonary edema. ANS: C Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often experience obstructive breathing, or air trapping. As the patient breathes, air becomes trapped in the lungs and ventilations become progressively more shallow until the patient actively and forcefully exhales. 18. Interpret the following arterial blood gas: pH 7.10 PaCO2 60 PaO2 40 HCO3 – 20 a. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis b. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis c. Compensated metabolic acidosis d. Compensated respiratory acidosis ANS: A The pH is below normal range (7.35 to 7.45), so this is uncompensated acidosis. The PaCO2 is markedly elevated, and the HCO3 – is normal. This indicates uncompensated respiratory acidosis. 19. Which of the following ABG values represents uncompensated metabolic acidosis? a. pH, 7.29; PaCO2, 57; HCO3 – , 22 b. pH, 7.36; PaCO2, 33; HCO3 – , 18 c. pH, 7.22; PaCO2, 42; HCO3 – , 18 d. pH, 7.52; PaCO2, 38; HCO3 – , 29 ANS: C A pH of 7.29 is below normal, reflecting acidosis. The metabolic component (HCO3 – ) is low, indicating that the acidosis is metabolic in origin. [Show More]

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