Sophia Human Biology Final (2) Milestones,Questions /Answers Latest Solutions 2020/2021

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Sophia Human Biology Final (2) Milestones Sophia Human Biology Final Milestone 1 What is an observable characteristic? (e.g. a person's height or skin color) Allele Genotype Phen... otype Locus CONCEPT Heredity 2 Which statement is true? Prokaryotic cells don't have a plasma membrane. All cells have DNA. In eukaryotic cells, DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells don't have DNA. CONCEPT Cell Theory 3 Which of the following best characterizes white skeletal muscles? They require more energy and thus contain more mitochondria than red skeletal muscles. Most muscles in your body are white skeletal muscles. They fatigue more quickly than red skeletal muscles. They contain large amounts of myoglobin. CONCEPT Types of Skeletal Muscle and Muscle Contraction Overview 4 Which of the following is produced by the endoplasmic reticulum? Nucleic acids ATP Lipids Carbohydrates CONCEPT Endoplasmic Reticulum 5 Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is true? The cardiac cycle is the time for which a heart stays in the contraction phase. The cardiac cycle is the time for which a heart stays in the relaxation phase. The cardiac cycle is the number of times a heart beats per minute. The cardiac cycle is the relaxation and contraction of the heart's chambers. CONCEPT Cardiac Cycle and Cardiac Conduction System 6 Which statement about active transport is true? It requires ATP molecules. It does not require transport proteins. It involves smaller molecules only. It involves the use of DNA. CONCEPT Facilitated Diffusion 7 Parkinson’s disease is caused by __________. the breakdown of neurons, affecting neurotransmitter production an injury to the spinal cord an injury in the peripheral nervous system a viral infection that affects various parts of the brain CONCEPT Nervous System Health and Disorders 8 Which set of facts about action potential is TRUE? It requires a stimulus to take place. Sodium gates open to allow an inflow of sodium ions. It is exhibited by cells that were previously at resting potential. It is created by an equal distribution of ions. It is exhibited by cells that were previously not at resting potential. It is created by an unequal distribution of ions. Every stimulus can generate it. Potassium gates open to allow an inflow of potassium ions. CONCEPT Membrane Potential and Action Potential 9 Which of the following describes a way in which a diuretic can impact homeostatic conditions in the body? It can cause the body to lose more water than necessary through urine. It can cause the body to drastically decrease urine output. It can cause the body to reabsorb more sodium than it normally would. It can cause the water to overly concentrate urine. CONCEPT Fluid Balance and Blood Pressure 10 What kind of joint has very little to no movement? All joints allow movement Synovial Fibrous Cartilaginous CONCEPT Joints 11 What do all nucleotides have? A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base A five-carbon sugar, an amino acid and a peptide bond A five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen group and a phosphorous base Six-carbon monosaccharides bonded together in long branching chains CONCEPT Structure of DNA and Chromosomes 12 Which of the following statements is true? Diffusion is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Diffusion does not require energy and is therefore a form of passive transport. Diffusion regulates which molecules can and can't pass through a plasma membrane. Diffusion describes the concentration gradient in a solution. CONCEPT Diffusion 13 Which nerves are mostly involved in pupil dilation and other "fight-or-flight" responses? Autonomic Parasympathetic Sympathetic Somatic CONCEPT Central And Peripheral Nervous System 14 What is the purpose of the myelin sheath? To provide neurons with required nutrients To protect neurons from infection To allow neurons to grow faster To transport action potential faster CONCEPT Nerves as Information Pathways 15 What is variation, in the extent to which a gene is expressed, called? Multifactorial trait Polygenic trait Penetrance Pleiotropy CONCEPT Polygenic Traits and Pleiotropy 16 Which of the following statements about secondary messengers is true? They work with both steroid and non-steroid hormones to carry out their effects in the cell. They carry out the effects of non-steroid hormones within the cell. They are a third type of hormone, although they differ significantly from the other two. They carry out the effects of steroid hormones within the cell. CONCEPT Steroid and Non-Steroid Hormones 17 Chloe is studying the effect a certain kind of fungus has on bacteria. Which of the following could be her hypothesis? "I propose that this fungus somehow kills bacteria." "Based on many tests, I realize that this fungus kills bacteria." "I predict that the bacterial cultures in which I place this fungus will not grow." "I notice that when a certain fungus is present in a bacterial culture, the bacteria do not grow." CONCEPT Scientific Method 18 What kind of immunity involves white blood cells that have receptors for specific pathogens that changes over time and produces memory cells? Pathogenic General Adaptive Innate CONCEPT Pathogens 19 Which statement about T-cells is true? They make antibodies. They are non-specific in nature. They activate B-cells. They mature in the bone marrow. CONCEPT Adaptive Immunity 20 Which part of the large intestine is analogous to the urinary bladder? Anus Descending colon Rectum Appendix CONCEPT Large Intestine 21 Which type of white blood cell attacks other unhealthy cells? Monocytes Basophils Eosinophils Lymphocytes CONCEPT White Blood Cells 22 Which organ stores bile? Liver All three Gallbladder Pancreas CONCEPT Pancreas, Gallbladder, & Liver 23 Which of the following is most likely the cause of Graves' disease? Higher than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood Higher than normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood Lower than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood Lower than normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood CONCEPT Thyroid and Parathyroid 24 What are villi? An enzyme that breaks down fats in the digestive system Wave-like muscle contractions that push contents through the small intestine Hair-like projections that cover villi and aid in absorption of nutrients Small, finger-like projections that line the mucosa and act to increase surface area and absorb nutrients CONCEPT Small Intestine 25 Jaundice, which is among the many negative side effects of anabolic steroid use, indicates damage to which part of the body? Bone marrow Kidneys Liver Pancreas CONCEPT Muscle Building and Steroids [Show More]

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