Biological Psychology > EXAM > Physiology Exam 1 SG (All)
Structural Characteristics Physiology = study of how living organisms function o Hierarchy of structural organization Atoms > molecules > cells > tissues > organs > organ systems > organism... o Integrated physiological function Understanding how changes in function at each level lead to a whole-body response o Interrelationships between structure & function Cell division Multiplication of cells Only a spherical mass of identical cells without cell differentiation Cell differentiation Unspecialized cell > specialized cell 200 distinct kinds of cells in the body Classified in broad types of function o Muscle cells o Neurons o Epithelial cells o Connective tissue cells Tissues o Muscle tissue and cells Function Mechanical force generation Types Skeletal o Voluntary Cardiac o Involuntary o Found only in the heart Smooth o Involuntary o Make up walls of tubes in the body (blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, etc.) o Contraction helps to move substances along Differ in shape, mechanisms controlling contractile activity, and in location in various organs o Nervous tissue and neurons Function Communication via generation of electrical signals o A neuron signal may signal other neurons or it may stimulate a gland cell to secrete substances o Epithelial tissue and cells Function Barrier: coverings of internal & external surfaces o Compartmentalization o Structures Basement membrane: protein layer of which the epithelial cells rest on, anchoring the tissue Basolateral side: side of cell anchored to basement membrane Apical (luminal) side: side of cell that faces the interior of a structure Tight junctions Selective barriers [Show More]
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