[eBook] [PDF] for Fundamentals of Physics, 11th Edition By (Extended) David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Measurement 1 1-1 Measuring Things, Including Lengths 1 1-2 Time 5 1-3 Mass 6 Review & Summary 8 Problems 8 2 Motion Along A Straight Line 13 2-1 Position, Displ... acement, and Average Velocity 13 2-2 Instantaneous Velocity and Speed 18 2-3 Acceleration 20 2-4 Constant Acceleration 23 2-5 Free-Fall Acceleration 27 2-6 Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis 29 Review & Summary 30 Questions 31 Problems 32 3 Vectors 40 3-1 Vectors and Their Components 40 3-2 Unit Vectors, Adding Vectors By Components 46 3-3 Multiplying Vectors 50 Review & Summary 55 Questions 56 Problems 57 4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 62 4-1 Position and Displacement 62 4-2 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity 64 4-3 Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration 67 4-4 Projectile Motion 70 4-5 Uniform Circular Motion 76 4-6 Relative Motion in One Dimension 78 4-7 Relative Motion in Two Dimensions 80 Review & Summary 81 Questions 82 Problems 84 5 Force and Motion—I 94 5-1 Newton’s First and Second Laws 94 5-2 Some Particular Forces 102 5-3 Applying Newton’s Laws 106 Review & Summary 114 Questions 114 Problems 116 6 Force and Motion—II 124 6-1 Friction 124 6-2 The Drag Force and Terminal Speed 130 6-3 Uniform Circular Motion 133 Review & Summary 138 Questions 139 Problems 140 7 Kinetic Energy and Work 149 7-1 Kinetic Energy 149 7-2 Work and Kinetic Energy 151 7-3 Work Done By the Gravitational Force 155 7-4 Work Done By A Spring Force 159 7-5 Work Done By A General Variable Force 162 7-6 Power 166 Review & Summary 168 Questions 169 Problems 170 8 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy 177 8-1 Potential Energy 177 8-2 Conservation of Mechanical Energy 184 8-3 Reading A Potential Energy Curve 187 8-4 Work Done on A System By An External Force 191 8-5 Conservation of Energy 195 Review & Summary 199 Questions 200 Problems 202 9 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum 214 9-1 Center of Mass 214 9-2 Newton’s Second Law for A System of Particles 220 9-3 Linear Momentum 224 9-4 Collision and Impulse 226 9-5 Conservation of Linear Momentum 230 9-6 Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions 233 9-7 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension 237 9-8 Collisions in Two Dimensions 240 9-9 Systems With Varying Mass: A Rocket 241 Review & Summary 243 Questions 245 Problems 246 10 Rotation 257 10-1 Rotational Variables 257 10-2 Rotation With Constant Angular Acceleration 266 10-3 Relating the Linear and Angular Variables 268 10-4 Kinetic Energy of Rotation 271 10-5 Calculating the Rotational Inertia 273 10-6 Torque 277 10-7 Newton’s Second Law for Rotation 279 10-8 Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy 282 Review & Summary 285 Questions 286 Problems 287 11 Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum 295 11-1 Rolling As Translation and Rotation Combined 295 11-2 Forces and Kinetic Energy of Rolling 298 11-3 The Yo-Yo 301 11-4 Torque Revisited 302 11-5 Angular Momentum 305 11-6 Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form 307 11-7 Angular Momentum of A Rigid Body 310 11-8 Conservation of Angular Momentum 312 11-9 Precession of A Gyroscope 317 Review & Summary 318 Questions 319 Problems 320 12 Equilibrium and Elasticity 327 12-1 Equilibrium 327 12-2 Some Examples of Static Equilibrium 332 12-3 Elasticity 338 Review & Summary 343 Questions 343 Problems 345 13 Gravitation 354 13-1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation 354 13-2 Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition 357 13-3 Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface 359 13-4 Gravitation Inside Earth 362 13-5 Gravitational Potential Energy 364 13-6 Planets and Satellites: Kepler’s Laws 368 13-7 Satellites: Orbits and Energy 371 13-8 Einstein and Gravitation 374 Review & Summary 376 Questions 377 Problems 378 14 Fluids 386 14-1 Fluids, Density, and Pressure 386 14-2 Fluids At Rest 388 14-3 Measuring Pressure 392 14-4 Pascal’s Principle 393 14-5 Archimedes’ Principle 394 14-6 The Equation of Continuity 398 14-7 Bernoulli’s Equation 401 Review & Summary 405 Questions 405 Problems 406 15 Oscillations 413 15-1 Simple Harmonic Motion 413 15-2 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion 421 15-3 An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator 423 15-4 Pendulums, Circular Motion 424 15-5 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion 430 15-6 Forced Oscillations and Resonance 432 Review & Summary 434 Questions 434 Problems 436 16 Waves—I 444 16-1 Transverse Waves 444 16-2 Wave Speed on A Stretched String 452 16-3 Energy and Power of A Wave Traveling Along A String 454 16-4 The Wave Equation 456 16-5 Interference of Waves 458 16-6 Phasors 462 16-7 Standing Waves and Resonance 465 Review & Summary 470 Questions 471 Problems 472 17 Waves—II 479 17-1 Speed of Sound 479 17-2 Traveling Sound Waves 482 17-3 Interference 485 17-4 Intensity and Sound Level 488 17-5 Sources of Musical Sound 492 17-6 Beats 496 17-7 The Doppler Effect 498 17-8 Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves 503 Review & Summary 504 Questions 505 Problems 506 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics 514 18-1 Temperature 514 18-2 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales 518 18-3 Thermal Expansion 520 18-4 Absorption of Heat 522 18-5 The First Law of Thermodynamics 528 18-6 Heat Transfer Mechanisms 534 Review & Summary 538 Questions 540 Problems 541 19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 549 19-1 Avogadro’s Number 549 19-2 Ideal Gases 550 19-3 Pressure, Temperature, and Rms Speed 554 19-4 Translational Kinetic Energy 557 19-5 Mean Free Path 558 19-6 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds 560 19-7 The Molar Specific Heats of An Ideal Gas 564 19-8 Degrees of Freedom and Molar Specific Heats 568 19-9 The Adiabatic Expansion of An Ideal Gas 571 Review & Summary 575 Questions 576 Problems 577 20 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 583 20-1 Entropy 583 20-2 Entropy in the Real World: Engines 590 20-3 Refrigerators and Real Engines 595 20-4 A Statistical View of Entropy 598 Review & Summary 602 Questions 603 Problems 604 21 Coulomb’s Law 609 21-1 Coulomb’s Law 609 21-2 Charge Is Quantized 619 21-3 Charge Is Conserved 621 Review & Summary 622 Questions 623 Problems 624 22 Electric Fields 630 22-1 The Electric Field 630 22-2 The Electric Field Due To A Charged Particle 633 22-3 The Electric Field Due To A Dipole 635 22-4 The Electric Field Due To A Line of Charge 638 22-5 The Electric Field Due To A Charged Disk 643 22-6 A Point Charge in An Electric Field 645 22-7 A Dipole in An Electric Field 647 Review & Summary 650 Questions 651 Problems 652 23 Gauss’ Law 659 23-1 Electric Flux 659 23-2 Gauss’ Law 664 23-3 A Charged Isolated Conductor 668 23-4 Applying Gauss’ Law: Cylindrical Symmetry 671 23-5 Applying Gauss’ Law: Planar Symmetry 673 23-6 Applying Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry 675 Review & Summary 677 Questions 677 Problems 679 24 Electric Potential 685 24-1 Electric Potential 685 24-2 Equipotential Surfaces and the Electric Field 690 24-3 Potential Due To A Charged Particle 694 24-4 Potential Due To An Electric Dipole 697 24-5 Potential Due To A Continuous Charge Distribution 698 24-6 Calculating the Field from the Potential 701 24-7 Electric Potential Energy of A System of Charged Particles 703 24-8 Potential of A Charged Isolated Conductor 706 Review & Summary 707 Questions 708 Problems 710 25 Capacitance 717 25-1 Capacitance 717 25-2 Calculating the Capacitance 719 25-3 Capacitors in Parallel and in Series 723 25-4 Energy Stored in An Electric Field 728 25-5 Capacitor With A Dielectric 731 25-6 Dielectrics and Gauss’ Law 735 Review & Summary 738 Questions 738 Problems 739 26 Current and Resistance 745 26-1 Electric Current 745 26-2 Current Density 748 26-3 Resistance and Resistivity 752 26-4 Ohm’s Law 756 26-5 Power, Semiconductors, Superconductors 760 Review & Summary 763 Questions 764 Problems 765 27 Circuits 771 27-1 Single-Loop Circuits 771 27-2 Multiloop Circuits 781 27-3 The Ammeter and the Voltmeter 788 27-4 Rc Circuits 788 Review & Summary 793 Questions 793 Problems 795 28 Magnetic Fields 803 28-1 Magnetic Fields and the Definition of B→ 803 28-2 Crossed Fields: Discovery of the Electron 808 28-3 Crossed Fields: The Hall Effect 810 28-4 A Circulating Charged Particle 814 28-5 Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons 817 28-6 Magnetic Force on A Current-Carrying Wire 820 28-7 Torque on A Current Loop 822 28-8 The Magnetic Dipole Moment 824 Review & Summary 827 Questions 827 Problems 829 29 Magnetic Fields Due To Currents 836 29-1 Magnetic Field Due To A Current 836 29-2 Force Between Two Parallel Currents 842 29-3 Ampere’s Law 844 29-4 Solenoids and Toroids 848 29-5 A Current-Carrying Coil As A Magnetic Dipole 851 Review & Summary 854 Questions 855 Problems 856 30 Induction and Inductance 864 30-1 Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law 864 30-2 Induction and Energy Transfers 871 30-3 Induced Electric Fields 874 30-4 Inductors and Inductance 879 30-5 Self-Induction 881 30-6 Rl Circuits 882 30-7 Energy Stored in A Magnetic Field 887 30-8 Energy Density of A Magnetic Field 889 30-9 Mutual Induction 890 Review & Summary 893 Questions 893 Problems 895 31 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current 903 31-1 Lc Oscillations 903 31-2 Damped Oscillations in An Rlc Circuit 910 31-3 Forced Oscillations of Three Simple Circuits 912 31-4 The Series Rlc Circuit 921 31-5 Power in Alternating-Current Circuits 927 31-6 Transformers 930 Review & Summary 933 Questions 934 Problems 935 32 Maxwell’s Equations; Magnetism Of Matter 941 32-1 Gauss’ Law for Magnetic Fields 941 32-2 Induced Magnetic Fields 943 32-3 Displacement Current 946 32-4 Magnets 950 32-5 Magnetism and Electrons 952 32-6 Diamagnetism 957 32-7 Paramagnetism 959 32-8 Ferromagnetism 961 Review & Summary 964 Questions 965 Problems 967 33 Electromagnetic Waves 972 33-1 Electromagnetic Waves 972 33-2 Energy Transport and the Poynting Vector 980 33-3 Radiation Pressure 983 33-4 Polarization 985 33-5 Reflection and Refraction 990 33-6 Total Internal Reflection 996 33-7 Polarization By Reflection 997 Review & Summary 999 Questions 1000 Problems 1001 34 Images 1010 34-1 Images and Plane Mirrors 1010 34-2 Spherical Mirrors 1014 34-3 Spherical Refracting Surfaces 1020 34-4 Thin Lenses 1023 34-5 Optical Instruments 1030 34-6 Three Proofs 1033 Review & Summary 1036 Questions 1037 Problems 1038 35 Interference 1047 35-1 Light As A Wave 1047 35-2 Young’s Interference Experiment 1053 35-3 Interference and Double-Slit Intensity 1059 35-4 Interference from Thin Films 1063 35-5 Michelson’s Interferometer 1070 Review & Summary 1072 Questions 1072 Problems 1074 36 Diffraction 1081 36-1 Single-Slit Diffraction 1081 36-2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction 1086 36-3 Diffraction By A Circular Aperture 1090 36-4 Diffraction By A Double Slit 1094 36-5 Diffraction Gratings 1098 36-6 Gratings: Dispersion and Resolving Power 1101 36-7 X-Ray Diffraction 1104 Review & Summary 1107 Questions 1107 Problems 1108 37 Relativity 1116 37-1 Simultaneity and Time Dilation 1116 37-2 The Relativity of Length 1125 37-3 The Lorentz Transformation 1129 37-4 The Relativity of Velocities 1133 37-5 Doppler Effect for Light 1134 37-6 Momentum and Energy 1137 Review & Summary 1143 Questions 1144 Problems 1145 38 Photons and Matter Waves 1153 38-1 The Photon, the Quantum of Light 1153 38-2 The Photoelectric Effect 1155 38-3 Photons, Momentum, Compton Scattering, Light Interference 1158 38-4 The Birth of Quantum Physics 1164 38-5 Electrons and Matter Waves 1166 38-6 Schrödinger’s Equation 1170 38-7 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle 1172 38-8 Reflection from A Potential Step 1174 38-9 Tunneling Through A Potential Barrier 1176 Review & Summary 1179 Questions 1180 Problems 1181 39 More About Matter Waves 1186 39-1 Energies of A Trapped Electron 1186 39-2 Wave Functions of A Trapped Electron 1191 39-3 An Electron in A Finite Well 1195 39-4 Two- and Three-Dimensional Electron Traps 1197 39-5 The Hydrogen Atom 1201 Review & Summary 1213 Questions 1213 Problems 1214 40 All About Atoms 1219 40-1 Properties of Atoms 1219 40-2 The Stern–Gerlach Experiment 1226 40-3 Magnetic Resonance 1229 40-4 Exclusion Principle and Multiple Electrons in A Trap 1230 40-5 Building the Periodic Table 1234 40-6 X Rays and the Ordering of the Elements 1236 40-7 Lasers 1240 Review & Summary 1245 Questions 1246 Problems 1247 41 Conduction of Electricity in Solids 1252 41-1 The Electrical Properties of Metals 1252 41-2 Semiconductors and Doping 1261 41-3 The P-N Junction and the Transistor 1265 Review & Summary 1271 Questions 1272 Problems 1272 42 Nuclear Physics 1276 42-1 Discovering the Nucleus 1276 42-2 Some Nuclear Properties 1279 42-3 Radioactive Decay 1286 42-4 Alpha Decay 1289 42-5 Beta Decay 1292 42-6 Radioactive Dating 1295 42-7 Measuring Radiation Dosage 1296 42-8 Nuclear Models 1297 Review & Summary 1300 Questions 1301 Problems 1302 43 Energy from the Nucleus 1309 43-1 Nuclear Fission 1309 43-2 The Nuclear Reactor 1316 43-3 A Natural Nuclear Reactor 1320 43-4 Thermonuclear Fusion: The Basic Process 1322 43-5 Thermonuclear Fusion in the Sun and Other Stars 1324 43-6 Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 1326 Review & Summary 1329 Questions 1329 Problems 1330 44 Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang 1334 44-1 General Properties of Elementary Particles 1334 44-2 Leptons, Hadrons, and Strangeness 1343 44-3 Quarks and Messenger Particles 1349 44-4 Cosmology 1355 Review & Summary 1362 Questions 1362 Problems 1363 Appendices A The International System of Units (SI) A-1 B Some Fundamental Constants of Physics A-3 C Some Astronomical Data A-4 D Conversion Factors A-5 E Mathematical Formulas A-9 F Properties of the Elements A-12 G Periodic Table of the Elements A-15 Answers To Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems AN-1 Index I-1 [Show More]

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