NURS 190 – PA Quiz 2 Study Guide

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Chapter 15: Eyes ● Eye: only a small portion of the eye is seen → 3 layers ○ Sclera- made of a fibrous material that can help the eye to keep its shape; ■ Can indicate presence of jaundice ... (yellowing) ■ Contains the cornea- protection in front of lens; can repair itself ○ Choroid- middle layer ■ Iris- colored part of the eye; can constrict or dilate the pupil ■ Pupil- center of the iris; opening for light to travel into the eyes ● Mydriasis- when dim light enters, and the pupil enlarges ● Miosis- bright light enters, making the pupil constrict ○ Retina- where the optic nerve should be gathered ■ Optic disc- blind spot: red free filter helps see optic disc ■ Macular- responsible for central vision ● Refraction of the eye- light travels in a straight line ○ Cornea → refracts and directs through pupil and into eye ○ Emmetropia- normal refractive condition of the eye; ■ Focal point → RIGHT ON retina ○ Myopia (nearsightedness)- light rays focus in front of the retina ■ Can see close, but have difficulty seeing far away : 12-14 in away from paper ○ Hyperopia (farsightedness)- light rays focus behind the retina ■ Can see fine from far away but have a difficulty seeing close up ○ Hemianopsia- portion of the visual field would not be seen due to a lesion ● Accessory structures of the eye ○ Eyebrows- protect the eye ○ Eyelids (palpebrae) - moveable folds of skin that cover and protect ■ Palpebral fissure- opening between upper and lower eyelids ■ Meibomian glands- oily substance that helps lubricate the eyes ○ Eyelashes- protect from eyelids and curl outward ○ Conjunctivae- prevents foreign bodies from entering the eye ○ Lacrimal apparatus- tears are secreted ● Extraocular muscles: cranial 3, 4, 6 ○ Cardinal fields of gaze → assess whether there are any deviations ● Lifespan considerations: CONTINUED........ [Show More]

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