Nurs 629 exam 2 COMPLETE

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Infant assessment and development ans: ■ Proportional changes: weight, height, head, nervous system, chest ● Weight increases 6-8lbs, up to 20lbs in the 1st year of life ■ Posterior fontanelle... closes by 2 months of life ■ Eye alignment ● Some children get cross eyed at times, but usually resolve close to 4 months ■ Red reflex should be symmetrical ■ The abdominal muscles do not close until 3 years of life ■ For boys: ● Both testicles are descended by 6 months ● Note any hydrocele ■ For girls: ● Assess for labial adhesions ■ Musculoskeletal ● Leg fold symmetry ● Hip abduction ○ To make sure there are no hip clicks. ○ Barlow maneuver and Ortolani maneuver will assess for hip click ● Foot shape and flexibility ■ Skin: rashes ● Common - infantile eczema ● Lesions ● Bruising or burns ○ Mongolian spots are normal ■ Feeding difficulties ● Regurgitation and spitting-up ○ Acid reflux is prevalent d/t sphincters are not mature ○ Encourage parents to break up feeding after ~15mL. burp the child and then return to feeding ○ Spitting up can be large amount and it is normal for it to come out of the nose ● Colic ○ Common during newborn period, usually resolves by 6 months of life Toddler development ans: ■ Toddler ● Weight gain 4-6lbs per year ● Height: 3 inches per year ● Visual acuity 20/40 ● Brain growth is 75% completed ● Respiratory tract is rapidly developing closer to that of an adult, but still anatomically is much smaller. ● Immune system is weakened, increased risk for any kind of complications ● Measurements: height, weight, head circumference up until 2 years of age ● Physical exam ○ HEENT ■ Anterior fontanel - make sure it is getting smaller and closing ● It usually closes by 18 months - 2 years ■ Screen for strabismus ■ Look for tooth eruption and/or dental decay ● If by 18 months they do not have a first tooth eruption, order x-ray [Show More]

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