*NURSING > QUESTIONS & ANSWERS > Pharmacology for Professional Nursing (NUR2474) - Test #1 - Review (NUR2474 Section CPPC2A0Z Pharmac (All)
Pharmacology for Professional Nursing (NUR2474) - Test #1 - Review (NUR2474 Section CPPC2A0Z Pharmacology for Professional Nursing (11 Weeks) - Residential and Online - 2021 Spring Quarter) 1. Lith... ium levels, use, side effects o Lithium is a MOOD STABILIZER o Levels: 0.4 to 1 mEq/L. o Action: Prevents/decreases incidence of acute manic episodes - May inhibit MOA = Increase activity of brain o Use: Treat Bipolar Disorder o Side Effects: Nausea, , Abdominal bloating, Anorexia, Fatigue, and Memory impairment, Polyuria (frequently urinating), Tremor, Hypothyroidism o Teratogenic Def: Can disturb the development of the embryo/fetus and produce malformation o 1-3 weeks for full effect 2. Benzodiazepines uses, actions, antidote, side effects o Suffix: -PAM, -LAM o Fast Acting o Short term use o Can cause dependency o Uses: Anxiety, Insomnia, and Seizure disorders, Muscle spasms, and Withdrawal from alcohol o Actions: Binds to GABA receptors to enhance the action of GABA - GABA is a neurotransmitter that slows/calms the speed of brain activity o Antidote: Flumazenil - Administered IV o Side Effects: Sedation, Low respiration rate, Low blood pressure, Low heart rate, and Amnesia 3. Medications for anxiety, sleep and concentration o Anxiety: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI’s) - Suffix: -TINE, -LINE, -PRAM - 4 weeks for full effect - Works slow - Do not take with St. Johns Wort - Action: o Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin back into the neuron leading to more serotonin floating around in the brain = Improve mood - Use: o Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, OCD - Side Effects: o Weight gain. Insomnia, and Sexual dysfunction - Drug used: Paroxetine o Dosage: 20 to 50 mg/day - Drug used: Venlafaxine (SNRI) o Dosage: 37.5 mg once a day o Routes: Standard tablets (generic only) Nonbenzodiazepine-Nonbarbiturates - Drug used: Buspirone (Atypical) o 1-2 weeks for full effect – Works slow o Short term use o Does not cause sedation or dependency o Take with food if GI upset o Side Effects: Dizziness, Nausea, Headache o Use: Anxiety, PTSD, OCD, and Panic Benzodiazepines - Suffix: -PAM, -LAM - Works immediately - Drug used: Diazepam - Uses: o Anxiety, Insomnia, and Seizure disorders, Muscle spasms, and Withdrawal from alcohol - Actions: o Binds to GABA receptors to enhance the action of GABA GABA is a neurotransmitter that slows/calms the speed of brain activity - Side Effects: o Sedation, Low respiration rate, Low blood pressure, Low heart rate, and Amnesia o Sleep: Benzodiazepines - (See Anxiety) Antidepressants - Takes 2-4 weeks to take full effect - Risk for suicide - Medications: o SSRI’s Action: Improves mood Risk: Serotonin Syndrome = Agitation, Hallucinations, Fever, Tremors, and Sweating Side Effects: Weight gain. Insomnia, and Sexual dysfunction Suffix: -TINE, -LINE, -PRAM o SNRI’s Action: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine into the neuron.. leading to more floating around the brain Side Effects: Loss of appetite, Insomnia, and Sexual dysfunction o TCA’s Action: Inhibits serotonin reuptake, norepinephrine, and alpha receptors Use: Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia, and Fibromyalgia Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, Sedation, anticholinergic, and Urinary retention Suffix: -TRYPTLINE, -IPRAMINE Be careful in the sun = Increase fiber and fluids o MAOI’s Action: Blocks the destruction of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine.. leading to increase of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine Use: Depression and Panic disorder Side Effects: Agitation, Anxiety, Low blood pressure, Hypertensive crisis, Do not eat tyramine foods o Atypicals Buproprion (Wellbutrin) For Depression and Smoking cessation Trazadone For Depression (high dose) and Insomnia o Concentration: Stimulants (see #4 for more info) - Adderall (dextroamphetamine) - Ritalin & Concerta (methylphenidate) 4. Stimulants, examples, education * Stimulants Examples: o Amphetamines: for attention deficit and hyperactive disorder Adderall (dextroamphetamine) Action: CNS & respiratory stimulation Increased motor activity Mental alertness Increased attention span in ADHD Use: ADHD Ritalin & Concerta (methylphenidate) Action: Produce CNS and respiratory stimulation with weak sympathomimetic activity Use: Increases attention span in ADHD Increase motor activity, mental alertness, and diminished fatigue in narcoleptic patients. o Anorexiants: for obesity Didrex (benzphetamine) Phentride (phentermine) o Analeptics: to prevent narcolepsy due to sleep apnea & hypoventilation Caffiene Dopram (doxapram) Dexidrine (dextroamphetamine) CPAP machine o Result of Stimulants Trigger release of dopamine & norepinephrine Increase level of alertness Addictive rush Euphoria Alertness Loss of appetite Weight loss Sleeplessness Tremors Restlessness Irritability Increased heart rate Palpitations Hypertension o Stimulants (therapeutic class) Timing: AM keeps you awake HR goes up, avoid stress, caffeine, etc Abuse is common Most are controlled substances—need new Rx o Education: Warn patients against habitual caffeine use Cardiovascular responses to caffeine (palpitations, rapid pulse, dizziness) Overdose can cause convulsions [Show More]
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