Bcaba exam Q&A 2022/2023 With complete solution

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back up reinforcer - ANSWER an object or event that already has demonstrated is capability to reinforce an individual’s behavior. behavior trapping - ANSWER add a reinforcement contingency to inc... rease the rate of behavior. conditioned response - ANSWER response is the change in the organism’s behavior elicited by a conditioned stimulus. dependent variable - ANSWER behavior of the organism DRH - ANSWER specifies reinforcement of a sequence of responses only when they occur in rapid succession. DRL - ANSWER reinforcement given after some time delay discrimination - ANSWER any difference in responding in the presence of different stimuli external validity - ANSWER refers to extent that an experimental finding generalizes to other behaviors, settings, and populations. Interdependent group contingency - ANSWER A contingency arrangement in which the performance of an individual or several members of a group determines the group's access to reinforcement. For example, everyone in the class receives reinforcers dependent on improvement of the lowest three student scores. Explanatory fiction - ANSWER Is a statement that has the form of an explanation but whose "cause" is really the same as its "effect." Four term contingency - ANSWER EO, SD, response and reinforcement Post reinforcement pause - ANSWER In conditioned suppression, a previously neutral stimulus (e.g., tone, light, etc.) is paired with an aversive US such as an electric shock. After several pairings, the originally neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned aversive stimulus (C-Save). Once the CSave has been conditioned, its onset suppresses ongoing operant behavior. A rat may be trained to press a lever for food. After a stable rate of response is established, the CSave is introduced. When this occurs, the animal's lever pressing is suppressed. Bootleg reinforcement - ANSWER Reinforcement that is not part of, and tends to undermine, an intervention. PLACHECK - ANSWER An observational recording system in which, according to a preset schedule, the observer counts the number of individuals engaged in the assigned task at that moment. See also Momentary time sampling. Respondent extinction - ANSWER Present the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus or with an already established conditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus will lose its eliciting power. Uncondition reinforcer - ANSWER A stimulus, such as food, water, or sexual activity, that usually is reinforcing in the absence of any prior learning history; often used interchangeably with primary reinforcer. 9 Validity. The extent to which measures actually measure what they are purported to measure Spontaneous recovery - ANSWER A temporary recovery of the extinguished behavior during the first part of extinction sessions that follow the first session Parsimony - ANSWER In science, an approach to explanation that favors simplicity and a reliance on the fewest principles. Time delay prompting - ANSWER A procedure, sometimes called progressive delay or delayed prompting, designed to teach a behavior by interposing a time delay between the presentation of the natural and an artificial discriminative stimulus. Initially, the natural discriminative stimulus is presented concurrently with a currently effective artificial SD or prompt to evoke and reinforce a response. Then, systematically, on successive trials, the time gradually is increased between presentation of the natural SD and the artificial prompt, until eventually the responder "anticipates"-that is, expresses the response before the prompt is given. Culmative graph - ANSWER A graph in which cumulative responses are represented on the vertical axis. Transivity - ANSWER A=B B=C A=C Multiple baseline design - ANSWER An an experimental design in which a treatment is introduced at different times (according to a staggered schedules) to determine its effect on two or more behaviors in one individual or on two or more individuals with the same behavior. Multiple baseline designs - ANSWER A within-subject or intensive experimental design that attempts to replicate the effects of a procedure (treatment or intervention) across (1) different subjects, (2) different settings, or (3) different classes of behavior. The intervention is introduced independently to each subject (or setting or class of behavior) in succession. See also Across-behaviors multiple-baseline; Across-subjects multiple-baseline; Across-situations multiple-baseline; Within-subject experimental design. Social validity - ANSWER The goals, procedures, and results of an intervention are socially acceptable to the client, the behavior analyst, and society. Internal validity - ANSWER A feature that describes how correct or valid conclusions are about the functionality of a relationship between two variables, such as a procedure and changes in behavior. Rule governed behavior - ANSWER Behavior either verbal or nonverbal, under the control of verbal antecedents. In some usages, any verbal antecedent qualifies as a rule (as when one is told to do or say something). . Overshadowing - ANSWER This effect occurs when a compound stimulus is used as the CS in a respondent conditioning experiment. For example, a light + tone (CS) may be presented at the same time and be associated with an unconditioned stimulus such as food. The most salient property of the compound stimulus comes to regulate exclusively the conditioned response. Thus, if a tone is more salient than a light, only the tone will evoke salivation. Temporal locus - ANSWER A property of any phenomenon that occurs in time. Described in terms of the dimensional quantity of latency. Reversal design - ANSWER Is an experimental design in which the behavior is compared during baseline, during treatment, and then during a reversal to baseline. DRI - ANSWER Reinforcement is provided for one behavior that is incompatible with another behavior. [Show More]

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