AAMC MCAT Exam 4- Psych 2022/2023

Document Content and Description Below

1) Which graph best describes the relative performance of Ps and controls on the type of lexical decision task described in the passage? - ANSWER Did not understand that y axis; quick reaction times m... eans less msec 4) The numbers presented to the participants in the avoidance study function as: A. reinforcers. B. punishers. C. discriminating stimuli. D. unconditioned stimuli. - ANSWER C) discriminating stimuli the numbers signal the availability of reinforcement or punishment unconditioned stimulus= stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive behavior (unconditioned response) 5) Are the assumptions of SCT regarding the role of participants' beliefs (paragraph 3) consistent with a traditional behaviorist approach? A. Yes, because the traditional behaviorist approach also emphasizes changes in behavior due to desirable and undesirable outcomes B. Yes, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that repeated exposure to certain outcomes shapes beliefs regarding these outcomes C. No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that mental states are involved only in classical conditioning, not operant conditioning D. No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that actual outcomes determine behavior, not cognitions regarding potential outcomes - ANSWER D. No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that actual outcomes determine behavior, not cognitions regarding potential outcomes (in the passage) SCI emphasizes the role of cognitive processes like thinking and belief in development of personality. Alternatively the behaviorist is concerned with how ENVIRONMENT factors affect observable behavior. 7) Which statement best applies Rogers's concept of incongruence to SDT's suggestion for how healthcare professionals can promote autonomous motivation? A. By encouraging their patients' initiative, healthcare professionals motivate their patients to reduce the gap in their need for self-actualization. B. By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals make it possible for their patients to reduce the gap between their actual behavior and their expected behavior. C. By encouraging the patients' initiative, healthcare professionals motivate their patients to reduce the gap between their behaviors and their attitudes. D. By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals offer their patients ways to reduce the gap between their ideal selves and their actual selves. - ANSWER D. By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals offer their patients ways to reduce the gap between their ideal selves and their actual selves. Concept of incongruence= GAP between person's actual self and ideal self 9) A team of researchers at a pharmaceutical company tests a new cancer drug. The researchers have concluded that the drug is effective, but other scientists CANNOT replicate the findings. Which is the most likely explanation for the lack of replicability of the original results? A. Base rate fallacy B. Hindsight bias C. Observer bias D. Public verifiability - ANSWER C) Observer bias observer bias= Any bias on the part of the observers recording the data could have contaminated the original results. The base rate fallacy refers to the error people make when they ignore the base rates (i.e., prior probabilities) when evaluating the probabilities (or frequencies) of events. hindsight bias (i.e., the "I knew it all along" effect) refers to the tendency for a person to overestimate how well he or she could have successfully predicted a known outcome (i.e., a "forecast," given before the outcome was known). Public verifiability is the reason other scientists are attempting to replicate the original findings. The retina functions to: A. accommodate and focus incoming light rays on the lens. B. detect light rays and convert them into signals for the brain to process. C. [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 9 pages