WGU C785 Final Exam with All the Correct Answers

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WGU C785 Final Exam with All the Correct Answers What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? -Answer- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon ... (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? -Answer- Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? -Answer- ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged What are the 4 levels of protein structure? -Answer- Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? -Answer- hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? -Answer- hydrophobic bonds how do environmental changes affect protein folding? -Answer- Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding how do mutations affect protein structure? -Answer- Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein. What is an electron? -Answer- Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding What is energy: -Answer- Power derived fro chemical interaction what are covalent bonds? -Answer- chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons what is an ionic bond? -Answer- bond between positive and negative what is a hydrogen bond? -Answer- weak bond between positive and negative with an amino? -Answer- piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3 what is a carboyxl? -Answer- piece of amino acid, COO or COOH What is hydrophobic? -Answer- Doesn't like water, end with CH what is hydrophilic? -Answer- Water loving, end with OH, NH, or SH what is disulfide bond? -Answer- strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between SH's. what are zwitterions? -Answer- amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of zero what is a polypeptide -Answer- polymer of amino acids What is dehydration synthesis? -Answer- Process of forming peptide bonds what is hydrolysis? -Answer- adding water to destroy bonds what is an alpha helix? -Answer- twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds what is a beta sheet? -Answer- folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds what is denaturation? -Answer- loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp, pH [Show More]

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