GCE History A Y112/01: Britain 1900-1951 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020

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Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations GCE History A Y112/01: Britain 1900-1951 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a... leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report on the examination. © OCR 2020Y112/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Annotations Annotation Meaning of annotation Blank Page Highlight Off-page comment Assertion Analysis Evaluation Explanation Factor Illustrates/Describes Irrelevant, a significant amount of material that does not answer the question Judgement Knowledge and understanding Provenance Simple comment Unclear ViewY112/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Section A Question Answer Marks Guidance 1 Using these four sources in their historical context, assess how far they support the view that the ideas of new liberalism developed for political reasons. • In discussing how far Source A does support the view, answers might argue that the Liberals had a responsibility to deal with the social condition of the people, implying they had been elected for that purpose. Answers might argue that the author was concerned about the challenge from the ILP. • In discussing how far Source A does not support the view, answers might argue that the final clause indicates a genuine commitment to ‘rid the land of the wrongs that have oppressed those who labour in it’. • In discussing the provenance of Source A, answers might point out that Lloyd George as a member of the government had no reason to stress these concerns unless he was sincere in them. Answers might explain that LG was an advocate of social change and genuinely committed to improving the lot of the poor. • In discussing the historical context of Source A, answers might explain that the Liberals had won a landslide at the election in January 1906 and that they had a mandate to address pressing issues. Answers might point out that the ILP was growing in strength (29 seats in 1906). • In discussing how far Source B does support the view, answers might explain there is no evidence that it does. • In discussing how far Source B does not support the view, answers might explain that the disparities in the 30 • No set answer is expected. • At Level 5 and above, there will be judgement about the issue in the question. • To be valid judgements they must be supported by accurate and relevant material. • At Level 4 and below, answers may be simply a list of which sources support or challenge the view in the question. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation; it should only be credited where it is used to analyse and evaluate the sources, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y112/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 distribution of wealth and opportunity needed to be addressed. Answers might say that new liberalism was a matter of social justice. Answers might argue that the ideas of new liberalism were intended to complete the process of emancipation (from State control). • In discussing the provenance of Source B, answers might argue that the Chancellor was a key figure in setting the agenda for the government. Answers might argue that it is a summary of the speech and may not be exactly what was said. Answers may argue that by speaking in public Asquith was making clear what the government stood for. • In discussing the historical context of Source B, answers might explain something of the inequalities in society. Answers might explain how the role of the State had been reduced by this time, for example, in the establishment of free trade. • In discussing how far Source C does support the view, answers might say the reputation of the Prime Minister would be assured. Answers might explain the House of Lords, despite being dominated by Conservatives, would be unable to resist reform. Answers might point out that the benefits of change would include solid support to the Liberal government. • In discussing how far Source C does not support the view, answers point out that new liberalism was needed to compete with Germany. Answers might say that concerns to improve the lot of the poor were the reason for new liberalism. • In discussing the provenance of Source C, answers might argue that Churchill regarded an improvement in the lot of the poor as necessary to improve the quality of the workforce. Answers might explain that the views expressed were private and may be sincere; however, theY112/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 element of flattery included might be regarded as selfserving. • In discussing the historical context of Source C, answers might explain the basic conditions in place in Germany. Answers might comment on the position of the House of Lords; pensions were about to be started in 1909 but the Lords were to resist the budget to pay for them. Answers might explain that the winter of 1908 was particularly hard. • In discussing how far Source D does support the view, answers might point out that the author emphasises the desirability of ‘good social order’. • In discussing how far Source D does not support the view, answers might explain how the State had a responsibility to its workers. Answers might emphasise the rights of workers to work and have a living wage. Answers might argue new liberalism implies some regulation of the market to secure standards of living. • In discussing the provenance of Source D, answers might say that the author was an academic concerned to implement the theory. • In discussing the historical context of Source D, answers might refer to the measures introduced to improve the rights of trade unions. Answers might argue the Insurance Act of 1911 was consistent with the views expressed in the source.Y112/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Section B Question Answer Marks Guidance 2* Assess the reasons for the decline of the Liberal Party by 1924. In arguing that it was weaknesses within the Liberal Party, • Answers might argue that the split, 1916, between Asquith and Lloyd George continued to divide the party. • Answers might explain how the party did not have the support of Irish Nationalists after 1918 when Sinn Fein boycotted the House of Commons. • Answers might argue that the party was tired after being in power for so long (since 1906) within constituency parties and Parliament. • Answers might consider the party’s preoccupation with foreign affairs forfeited support (e.g. Chanak crisis, 1921). • Answers might reference the Honours scandal (1922) as exacerbating the problems • Answers might assess the impact of the resignation of Lloyd George in October 1922. • Answers might argue that the party lacked the finances because they did not enjoy the support of large donors. In arguing that it was other factors, • Answers might argue that the economic problems of the post war years made the party unpopular. • Answers might stress the growing support for the Labour Party (10 seats in 1918, 159 in 1924). • Answers might argue that the ‘first past the post’ system made it difficult for the party to compete in marginal seats now that the Labour Party was competing for many of the same votes. 20 • No set answer is expected. • At higher levels, candidates will focus on the ways different factors contributed to the decline of the Liberal Party but at Level 4 may simply list factors. • At Level 5 and above, there will be judgements as to the relative importance of different reasons. • At higher levels, candidates might establish criteria against which to judge the view. • To be valid judgements, claims must be supported by relevant and accurate material. If not, they are assertions. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation; it should only be credited where it is used to analyse and evaluate the sources, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y112/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 • Answers might emphasise the strength of the Conservatives and their dominance of the coalition. Question 3* Answer Assess the reasons for the failure of political extremism in the 1930s. In discussing the failure of the extremist parties to gain popularity, • Answers might argue that Moseley’s style was unpopular with the electorate but there were no other figures in the party leadership with appeal. This deprived the British Union of fascists (BUF) of a separate identity and undermined its credibility as a political party, as did its lack of funds. • Answers might argue that the BUF leadership lacked positive policies and, instead, focused on arousing hate and criticism of others. Moreover, sympathy shown by Moseley for Mussolini and Hitler, especially 1938-39, was regarded as suspicious and the earlier brutality of the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ (1934) appalled many in Britain. • Answers might argue that the general distrust of Moscow undermined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) as they were regarded as fifth columnists in the heart of capitalism. Moreover, Britain had no revolutionary tradition so, again, Russian influences were distrusted particularly in the light of the Stalinist purges of the early 1930s and the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939. • Answers might argue that the Labour party resented Marks Guidance • No set answer is expected. • At higher levels, candidates will focus on evaluating the various factors but at Level 4 may simply list these. • At Level 5 and above, there will be judgements as to the relative importance of the different factors, both general and specific to the different parties. • At higher levels, candidates might establish criteria against which to judge the view. • To be valid judgements, claims must be supported by relevant and accurate material. If not, they are assertions. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation; it should only be credited where it is used to analyse and evaluate the sources, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y112/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 efforts by the CPGB to take over local parties and to establish Communist TUs and thus were often major critics of the CPGB. In considering other, more general, factors, • Answers might explain that the Labour Party had captured the support of the working class who were less impressed with the extremists’ plans to reduce unemployment. • Answers might argue that the improvement in the economy deprived both parties of the chance to take power. • Answers might explain how the newspapers and cinema opposed both groups and so undermined support for them. Answers might emphasise the essential conservatism of the British.OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations) The Triangle Building Shaftesbury Road Cambridge CB2 8EA [Show More]

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