NR 283: Pathophysiology Exam 1 and Study Guide

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Airway obstruction – first priority Phlebitis – inflammation of the vein • Redness • Swelling • Ecchymosis - a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically c... aused by bruising Infiltration: • IV catheter comes out of the vein and fluid goes into the tissues – no infection • Cool to touch ACID-BASE IMBALANCE – Who is at risk for metabolic acidosis? • A patient who has diarrhea Effective organ for Acid-Base Imbalances  Kidneys • Respiratory system Fully Compensated  pH is normal Partially Compensated  pH is NOT normal - Tic Tac Toe method: PCO2 & HCO3 must be in different columns Cellulitis – inflammation of the cells • Can go into the bloodstream Promote wound healing  protein • Albumin o If albumin is low (around 2.5)  Patient needs more protein o Normal Albumin value = 3.5-5.0 Elderly patients have a risk of pressure ulcers • Slowing of the blood supply NEED TO KNOW ABG LEVELS  TIC TAC TOE THEORY pH  7.35-7.45 RESPIRATORY  PCO2  45-35 Anything below 35 is alkaline Anything above 45 is acidic METABOLIC  HCO3  22-26 Any patient who has diarrhea is in METABOLIC ACIDOSIS Any patient who is vomiting is in METABOLIC ALKALOSIS Chemotherapy Patients • Any patient on chemotherapy are immunosuppressed • WBC low Cancer of the larynx – what’s your priority? Warning Signs of cancer • Non-healing sore Chronic Skin Conditions can lead to Skin Cancers Tinea Pedis – athlete’s foot • Scaling and peeling of the toes • Keep toes dry Hypertrophy  enlarged muscles Muscular dystrophy Patient on oral antibiotics develops a rash, difficulty breathing – anaphylaxis Electrolytes – vomit, diarrhea STANDARD HOSPITAL PRECAUTIONS FOR ALL PATIENTS Hand hygiene – Purell is OK to use after being in a patient’s room and only touching side table, bed, light switch etc., then use gel for 20-30 seconds Calcium is also important for the heart, but also bones and muscles Potassium – whether it is high or low (abnormal) – put them on a cardiac monitor POTASSIUM IS REGULATING YOUR HEART Pathophysiology -= Structural changes resulting from disease [Show More]

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