NR509 MID-TERM STUDY GUIDE LATEST 2022/2023 COMPLETE SOLUTION GUIDE

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NR509 MID-TERM STUDY GUIDE Articular structures include joint capsule and articular cartilage, the synovium and synovial fluid, intra-articular ligaments and juxta-articular bone oArticular disea... se involves: ▪Swelling ▪Tenderness of the joint ▪Crepitus ▪Instability “locking” ▪Deformity ▪Limits active and passive range of motion due to stiffness or pain Extra-articular structures include periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursae, muscle, fascia, bone, nerve and overlying skin oExtra-articular disease involves: ▪“point of focal tenderness in regions adjacent to articular structures ▪Limits active range of motion ▪RARELY causes swelling, instability, joint deformity Know the sources of joint pain (pg. 627 algorithm) Nonarticular conditions: trauma/fracture, fibromyalgia, polymyalgia rheumatica, bursitis, tendinitis Intra-articular (acute, < 6 weeks): acute arthritis oinfectious arthritis ogout opseudogout oReiter syndrome Intra-articular (chronic, > 6 weeks): chronic inflammatory arthritis vs chronic noninflammatory arthritis oChronic inflammatory arthritis with 1-3 joints involved: ▪Indolent infection ▪Psoriatic arthritis ▪Reiter syndrome ▪Periarticular JA oChronic inflammatory arthritis with >3 joints involved: ▪Psoriatic arthritis or Reiter syndrome (no symmetry) ▪ rheumatoid arthritis if not RA then  systemic lupus, scleroderma, polymyositis *Know what causes saddle numbness and urinary retention (pg. 678?) CES (cauda equina syndrome) most commonly results from a massive herniated disc in the lumbar region. A single excessive strain or injury may cause a herniated disc. However, disc material degenerates naturally as a person ages, and the ligaments that hold it in place begin to weaken. As this degeneration progresses, a relatively minor strain or twisting movement can cause a disc to rupture. [Show More]

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