PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHPTR 7 Part 1 Fluid and Fluid Imbalances - Davis Adv Assessments w/ Pre & Post

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHPTR 7 Part 1 Fluid and Fluid Imbalances - Davis Adv Assessments w/ Pre & Post Which of the following exerts oncotic pressure? Potassium Sodium Glucose Albumin An isotonic IV soluti... on ______________________. Select all that apply. causes no fluid gain or loss by cells. is used to counteract cellular swelling. has a higher tonicity than the blood. causes cell swelling. has the same tonicity as the blood. Which of the following responses would you expect to see when fluid volume is too low? Select all that apply. Increased renin release Increased aldosterone Osmoreceptor swelling Increased BNP Decreased antidiuretic hormone levels Which of the following increase the likelihood for edema? Select all that apply. Increased capillary permeability Decreased plasma volume Decreased oncotic pressure Hypoalbuminemia Decreased hydrostatic pressure Which hormone is released when a fluid volume excess is present? Aldosterone Renin Antidiuretic hormone Natriuretic peptide Type of IV given to reduce cellular swelling (Mannitol IV solution is an example) Hypertonic Isotonic - solutes are added to bloodstream & cause fluids to shift from ICF to ECF The main determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity Calcium Sodium Sodium is the major ion in the ECF, thus it plays a primary role in plasma osmolarity. The pressure exerted by solutes in solution Oncotic Osmotic Osmotic pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by solutes in solution. In the bloodstream, osmotic pressure is exerted mainly by sodium ions and plasma proteins. Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream Isotonic Oncotic Oncotic pressure is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins. In the blood, albumin is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a primary determinant of oncotic pressure. Standard IV solution used as a bloodstream volume expander (0.9% NaCl is commonly used) Hypertonic Isotonic Tonicity is the difference in particle concentration across a membrane. An isotonic IV solution has the same concentration as intracellular fluid. With isotonic IV solutions, cells do not gain or lose fluid, but use of this IV solution adds to the total fluid volume of the body. Type of edema in the lower extremities Dependent Independent Dependent edema is fluid accumulation underneath the skin. [Show More]

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