(PSYC 4455) Cognitive Psychology Exam 3 Study Guide: Updated A+ Guide

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• Definitional approach (works well for … but not for …) -when we decide whether something is a member of a category by determining whether a particular object meets the definition of the categ... ory. Works well for geometric objects, but not for natural and human-made objects. One problem is that not all members of a category have the same features. • Prototype approach and Exemplar approach -prototype approach: membership in a category is determined by comparing the object to a prototype that reps the category. ‘typical’ prototype is based on an average member of a category that are commonly experienced. Not an actual member, but average. -exemplar approach: similar to prototype approach, but the standard for this approach involves many examples. Exemplars are actual members of the category that a person has encountered in the past. Exemplar approach explains the typicality effects by proposing that objects that are like more of the exemplars are classified faster. • (High or low) Prototypicality and family resemblance -family resemblance: the idea that things in a particular category resemble one another in a number of ways instead of defining criteria that every member of a category must meet; this approach allows for some variation within a category. (chairs of different sizes/shapes) High/Low Prototypicality: High- a category of members closely resembles the category prototype. Low- category member does not resemble a typical member of the category. Strong relationship between Prototypicality and family resemblance • Typicality effect -the ability to judge highly prototypical objects more rapidly than low ones. Prototypical objects are named first, and they are affected more by priming, when the sensation of one stimulus facilitates the response of another. [Show More]

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