GRE Psychology - Biological Psychology Exam Review Solution

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GRE Psychology - Biological Psychology Exam Review Solution Central Nervous System - Ans->>- composed of the brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System - Ans->>- the pathway that runs to and fr... om the CNS - afferent fibers run toward the CNS; efferent fibers run away from the CNS - composed of: 1) Somatic Nervous System - controls voluntary movements of the striated muscles 2) Autonomic Nervous System - involuntary movements of the smooth muscles, 2 parts: a) Sympathetic nervous system - arousal b) Parasympathetic nervous system - recuperation Spinal Cord - Ans->>- consists of an inner core of gray matter (cell bodies and dendrites) and an outer covering of white matter (nerve fivers, axon bundles, myelin sheathing) that go to and from the brain Hindbrain - Ans->>- Myelencephalon (medulla): controls reflexes, sleep, attention, movement - Metencephalon: contains the pons (connects brain to spine) and cerebellum (muscle coordination, balance, and posture) - Reticular Formation: considered the oldest part of the brain; controls alertness, thirst, sleep, and involuntary muscles Mesencephalon (Midbrain) - Ans->>- Tectum: controls vision and hearing - Tegmentum: houses the part of the reticular formation; involved in the sensorimotor system, analgesic effect of opiates Forebrain - Ans->>can be divided into the diencephalon and the telencephalon Diencephalon - Ans->>- Thalamus: channels sensory information to the cerebral cortex - Hypothalamus: controls ANS biological motivations (hunger, thirst) and the pituitary gland (master endocrine gland) Telencephalon - Ans->>- Limbic system: a group of structures around the brainstem involved in fleeing, feeding, fighting, and fornicating - Hippocampus: involved in transferring STM to LTM - Amygdala: controls emotional reactions, fear, anger - Cingulate Gyrus: links areas in the brain dealing with emotion and decisions Cerebral Cortex - Ans->>- the outer half-inch of the cerebral hemispheres, with gyri (bumps) and sulci (fissures) - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution, 6-layer cortex), the other 10% has < 6 layers and is more primitive 1) Frontal lobe: speech, reasoning, problem solving 2) Occipital lobe: vision 3) Parietal lobe: somatosensory system [Show More]

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