PHARMACOLOGY

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TERMS AND DEFINITION Pharmacology v It is the study of drugs, their origin, nature, properties and their effects upon living organism Pharmacotherapy v It is the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose,... or treat signs, symptoms and disease process. Pharmacodynamics v What the drug does to the body v Involves drug actions on target cells and the resulting alterations in cellular biochemical reactions and functions Pharmacokinetics v What the body does to the drug v Involves drug movement through the body to reach sites of action, metabolism and excretion. PROCESS OF DRUG TRANSPORT (ADME) 1. Absorption v Occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated. Factors Influencing Drug Absorption Dosage form Route of administration Blood flow GI function Presence of food or other drugs 2. Distribution v Transport of drug molecules within the body. 3. Metabolism v Also known as Biotransformation v Method by which drugs are inactivated by the body. 4. Excretion v Refers to the elimination of a drug from the body v Kidneys, bowel, lungs and skin v Enterohepatic recirculation THERAPEUTIC INDEX Side effects v Physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects v Expected and normal Adverse reactions v Any undesired responses to drug administration v More severe than side effects v Abnormal and reportable Toxic effects v Life-threatening effects, emergency v Result from excessive amounts of drug and may cause reversible/irreversible damage to body tissues NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES IN MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION OBSERVE THE TEN RIGHTS OF MEDICATION Right route Right to refuse Right time & frequency Right drug-drug interaction Right of the patient Right education and information Right drug Right history and assessment Right dose Right documentation 2 TOPRANK REVIEW ACADEMY- NURSING MODULE [Show More]

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