TEST BANK FOR PORTH’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 10TH EDITION BY NORRIS CHAPTER 44: Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System

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1..Which of the following statements most accurately captures a characteristic of the external female genitalia? A) Skene and Bartholin glands perform endocrine and exocrine functions. B) Surgical r... epair is required in the case of a ruptured hymen in prepubescent females. C) The labia majora and clitoris are analogous to the male scrotum and penis, respectively. D) The external genitalia facilitate sexual function and hormonal regulation. Ans: C Feedback: Embryonic differentiation results in an anatomical relationship between the labia majora and the scrotum and between the clitoris and the penis. There is no identified hormonal/endocrine role of the structures of the external genitalia, and a ruptured hymen does not necessitate medical intervention. 2. A woman has gone to her gynecologist complaining of pain during intercourse. The physician orders a maturation index on her vaginal scrapings. The results return an index of 75-25-0. The nurse can interpret this to mean A) she is in the beginning of cervical cancer. B) she is in the prime of her reproductive years. C) she is in a perimenopausal phase. D) she is experiencing postmenopausal vaginal dryness. Ans: D Feedback: The vaginal scrapings are used for a test, the maturation index, that examines the cellular structure and configuration of the vaginal epithelial cells. Typically, this index is 0-40-60 during the reproductive years. With diminished estrogen levels, there is a shift to the left, producing an index of 30-40-30 during the perimenopausal period, and an index of 75-25-0 occurs during the postmenopausal period. 3. A 20-year-old female has come to the clinic complaining of severe menstrual cramps. The clinic nurse practitioner knows that dysmenorrhea occurs when which muscle group contracts? A) Perimetrium B) Myometrium C) Endometrium D) Fundus Ans: B Feedback: The middle muscle layer, the myometrium, forms the major portion of the uterine wall. Contractions of these muscle fibers help to expel menstrual flow and the products of conception during miscarriage or childbirth. When pain accompanies the contractions associated with menses, it is called dysmenorrheal. The perimetrium is the outer layer of the uterus. Endometrium, the inner layer of the uterus, is made up of a basal and a superficial layer. The superficial layer is shed during menstruation and regenerated by cells of the basal layer. The fundus is the portion of the uterus that lies about the insertion of the fallopian tubes. 4. During a group prenatal class, the nurse teaching the course is explaining the thinning of the cervix that accompanies the stages of labor leading up to delivery. A participant admits that she is not familiar with either the location or normal role of the cervix. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) “Your cervix is just the term for the lowest part of your uterus, and it is tightly shut at all times except in woman who are giving birth.” B) “The cervix is the opening between the uterus and the vagina, and so it opens wide during the lead-up to birth.” C) “Your cervix is the part of your uterus where the fallopian tubes join in and the baby has to pass through it to the vagina.” D) “The cervix is the soft lining of your uterus that has to expand greatly to accommodate your baby during delivery.” Ans: B Feedback: The cervix is best characterized as the neck of the uterus that projects into the vagina. It opens selectively to accommodate menses. The fallopian tubes enter the uterus far above the cervix, and the lining of the uterus is known as the endometrium. [Show More]

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