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What occurred during the Northern Renaissance in France? rulers, including Francis 1, built palaces called chateaux chateau a castle or fortress and the residence or country home of nobility, espec... ially in France what is true about Leonardo's illustration careful empirical observation helped shape the notion of scientific illustration chiaroscuro an important method of shading using gradations of values and strong contrasts of light and dark to create a sense of volume. this method enhances the illusion of 3-d form on a 2-d plane. conservation repairing a work of art in order to avoid any further damage restoration cleaning and repairing a work of art in order to bring it back to its original state as much as possible scientific illustration drawings made with the goal of communicating information regarding the structure and appearance of an object sfumato a painting technique that involves subtle tones bleeding into one another without harsh lines, creating a "smoky" appearance what tools and techniques were used in the painting of the sistine chapel? michelangelo used grids and cartoons to transfer drawings to the prepared wall surface buon fresco A type of fresco in which the plaster is still wet and the paint bonds with the plaster. cartoon A preparatory drawing for a mural that contains a number of small holes, allowing the drawing to be transferred to the wall using powdered charcoal tapped through the holes. contrapposto A naturalistic pose in which the figure stands, resting most of the weight on one foot and creating a slight tilt in the pelvis. giornata The quantity of wet plaster that an artist could paint into in a period of one day before it dried. the platonic academy Founded by Plato in 387 BC in Athens, it promoted the philosophical systems of Plato, including the notions of form and existence of abstract objects. what did michelangelo retain from bramante's original design for the new Saint Peter's Basilica? michelangelo used a central plan central plan church Basic church architecture that designs a central space that is surrounded by smaller symmetrical areas. how is formal dissonance displayed in pontormo's descent from the cross? we expect to see a quiet scene of grief and instead we see a flurry of activity with bright, pastel colors formal dissonance A state of tension that is created when the experience of what is expected to be seen and what is actually seen are in discrepancy. mannerism A style during 16th century Italian High Renaissance characterized by systems of complex perspectives, elongated forms, unnatural gestures and poses of figures with emotional charged colors. What is the name given to the stretched, distorted skull in the center foreground of Holbein's painting, The French Ambassadors? anamorphic image anamorphic image An image that appears distorted unless it is viewed from a certain angle or using a device, such as a mirror. holy roman empire An area of rule during medieval and early modern times consisting of mostly Germany and part of Italy from 962-1806 that showed the decline of the pope and power of the emperor. landscape painting An artwork that uses scenes from nature, such as mountains, trees, lakes, and rivers. northern renaissance An age of artistic and cultural discovery and Christian humanism that took place in Germany, the Netherlands, and France. What is the function of Lucas Cranach's Allegory of Law and Grace? to educate and encourage conversions amongst the population relief painting the artist carves away all of the negative space cross hatching The use of lines that cross over, particularly in printmaking and drawing, to indicate shadow and depth. engraving An important process in Renaissance printmaking that flourished with the invention of accessible paper and the printing press where a design is cut onto a flat surface with a tool called a burin. halftones Gradations of tone (shades of grey) between black and white. hatching The use of parallel straight lines, particularly in printmaking and drawing, to indicate shadow and depth. intaglio printing A technique used in printmaking where an image is cut into the surface of a copper or zinc plate with a special tool called a burin. relief printing A technique used in printmaking where a print is made from the raised images of a surface, includes embossing and letterpress. woodcut A printmaking process where an image is carved onto the surface of a piece of wood removing parts of the wood. The carved raised part of the wood is covered with ink and pressed onto a surface transferring the image onto surfaces such as a piece of paper or fabric. pavilion An open building used for shelter, it can be separate or attached; in architecture, a projecting element of a façade suggesting a tower. sun king Louis XIV or Louis the Great, the longest reigning king of France. how was poussin influenced by italian artists? in his choice of subject matter and use of color grand manner During the 17th and 18th centuries, the highest category of painting, equivalent to history painting. It made stylistic references to classical Greece and the Renaissance. poussinistes A group of conservative French artists in the 17th century who believed drawing was more important than color. rubenistes Believed that color, not drawing, was superior due to its being more true to nature. Jan Vermeer's paintings are so detailed that some historians have argued he used a(n) __________ to help him depict interior scenes. camera obscura allegory A symbolic narrative; a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through material forms. camera obscura An early device with a hole in one end of an enclosed box or room that projects an image of its surroundings onto a flat screen or surface. genre painting Images in any various media that represent scenes or events from everyday life such as domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, or street scenes. satire The use of sarcasm, ridicule emphasizing weakness more than the weak person, denouncing vice and folly and implying moral judgment. What is a challenge unique to Dutch Baroque group portraiture, such as Rembrandt's The Night Watch? the artist must distinguish individual personalities in the group portraiture an artistic likeness of an individual verisimiltude having the appearance or likeness of truth what must a vanities painting include? symbols of death calvinism A branch of Protestant Christianity started by John Calvin in the late 16th century, which emphasizes complete dependence on God for salvation, the equality of all members of the congregation, and the sinful nature of human beings. dutch golden age A period of the late sixteenth through seventeenth centuries when the Dutch achieved a high level of economic, political, and cultural success. dutch reublic Consisting of the Low Countries which today are the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg and formerly under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire. land reclamation creating new land by draining off low-lying areas near water landscape a composition that uses the them of natural scenery usually seen from on single point of view prosperity Financial success or general well-being. still life a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter vanitas A type of painting associated with still life that contains symbols of death, such as a skull or rotting food. Compared to Raphael's School of Athens, Rubens' Allegory of the Outbreak of War is __________. more dynamic and energetic dynamism the illusion of movement in a composition foreshortening The method in drawing where represented objects are reduced in size and are not parallel to the picture plane in order to convey an illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. painterly A style of painting (such as impressionism) that emphasizes the brushstroke and action of applying paint to surface. picture plane The invisible plane that corresponds to the surface of the painting, the picture plane is like a window opening out onto another world. rubenesque Referring to the figures portrayed by painter Rubens, usually depicting plump or full figured women. His frescoes were often painted on the ceilings of churches and used persuasive imagery in connection with the movement known as the __________. counter-reformation "as seen from below" A specific approach used in painting Italian ceiling frescoes that depicts an illusionistic scene taking place above the viewer. counter-reformation Also called the Catholic Revival or Reformation, it was a response to the Protestant Reformation, and lasted from the Council of Trent to the end of the Thirty Years' War. illusionistic The use of perspective in painting to create the impression of three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface; or a philosophy that promotes the material world as an illusion. trompe l'oeil An artistic technique that creates an optical illusion, usually of a three dimensional space on a flat surface. what painting technique describes the style of caravaggio? creating large areas of dark colors that are illuminated by a single light source caravaggisti artists who painted in the style of him tenebrism a style or method of painting characterized by large areas of dark colors and a ray of light What is the significance of Bernini's baldacchino in St. Peter's Basilica? 1. it aids in the transition from the soaring ceilings to the human scale in the church 2/ it is the location of the high altar 3. it is the site of st. peter's tomb baldacchino A permanent ornamental canopy that is either supported by columns or hanging over an altar. piazza a central square in an italian town or city How does Bernini'sDavid differ from Renaissance versions of the same subject? 1. the figure's expression is more intense 2. the twisting posture of the figure shows more energy 3. the figure is shown in the middle of a battle swinging girl- rococo element in this work? the idea of frivolity and love fete galante A type of painting that developed during the Rococo period that depicts a party or other lighthearted scene taking place outdoors. grand manner portraits A style of portraiture that elevates the person depicted through references to classical and Renaissance art. satire The use of sarcasm, ridicule emphasizing weakness more than the weak person, denouncing vice and folly and implying moral judgment. What is an element of Rococo architectural style? use of twisting organic shapes and motifs hotel An apartment for members of the French nobility. rococo Also called "late Baroque", an artistic style characterized by playful themes and creamy-pastel colors, asymmetry, curves and gilded stucco decorations in floral shapes. In the casta system, which of the following is the word used to describe a person of European and indigenous decent? mestizo casta painting A type of painting that was common in Mexico in the 18th century that depicts a racially mixed family, consisting of the two parents (of different races) and their child. costumbrismo The depiction of scenes of everyday life, the Spanish equivalent of genre painting in Dutch art. criollo A person of Spanish descent born and raised in the New World. mestiza/o In the casta system, a person with one European and one indigenous parent. mullata/o In the casta system, a person with with one European and one African parent. peninsulares Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class. viceroyalty The territory controlled by a person who rules in place of the king or queen. Which of the following statements is true about the illustrations found in the Florentine Codex? they include both european and mesoamerican pectoral traditions codex a book made of hand-written pages ethnography A branch of anthropology that deals with scientific study of human cultures. nahautl Language of the Aztecs, spoken in Central Mexico and indigenous to Mesoamerica. The Cathedral of San Ildefonso contains many elements of __________ architecture, including its overall simplicity and use of rounded arches. renaissance cathedral The main church that contains the bishop's throne. churrigeresque Refers to an elaborate sculptural stucco detailing, decoration and ornamentation seen on Spanish Baroque architecture. conquest The subjugation of the New World by Spain. retablo In Latin America, a devotional painting that uses religious iconography from the Catholic Church. [Show More]

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