ENWC 201 Final Exam - Questions with Verified Answers

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ENWC 201 Final Exam - Questions with Verified Answers What is an animal's niche? How many dimensions can a niche have? Can animals share a niche? An animal's niche is the functional role of an organ... ism considered in the environment in which it lives, its "job." A niche is multidimensional. No two organisms can occupy the same niche at the same time in the same place. What is a specialist vs a generalist? A specialist fits into their environment tightly and there is no room for dealing with changes or for colonizing different habits; they are good at one specific thing. A generalist adapts to a wide range of environmental circumstances and food sources What is logistic growth? What limiting factors might lead to a given (K) carrying capacity? Logistic growth is the kind of population growth where the growth rate constantly decreases with the increasing number of individuals. When the population reaches it's max, the growth rate becomes zero. Factors such as food, water, and shelter, ass well as an excess in predator are limiting factors that might lead to a given carrying capacity. What is the energy pyramid? What is at the bottom? What is at the top? Where is the most energy and the least energy? Where is the most biomass and least biomass? Where is the highest number of individuals and lowest number? The energy pyramid is a graphical model of energy flow in a community. Producers are at the bottom while tertiary consumers are at the top. The most energy is at the bottom and the least energy is at the top. The most biomass is at the bottom and the least biomass is at the top. The different levels represent different groups or organism that might compose a food chain. What are the two key components of an animal's habitat? The two key components of an animal's habitat are food and shelter What is natural selection? Natural selection is the process that determines which individuals will pass on their genes to the next generation What are Biomes? Biomes are the type of habitat an animal lives in. e.g. forest, tundra, desert How does biodiversity change as we get nearer to the poles or conversely, closer to the equator? less biodiversity nearer to the poles, more biodiversity as you get closer to the equator: can sustain more life What are ecosystem services? Provisioning: food, timber, fuel, fibers, soil, water, etc. Regulation: climate regulation, carbon sequestration, water purification, etc. Pollination Supporting: maintain the provisioning and regulating services Nutrient cycling Seed dispersal Cultural: recreational, spiritual, cultural What is a K strategist? K-strategist Large organisms Long lived Produce few offspring Extensive parental care Low juvenile death rate Occupy stable environments What is an r-strategist? r-strategist: Small organisms Short-lived Many offspring Limited parental care High juvenile mortality Exploit unstable environments What is the Pleistocene overkill? The Pleistocene overkill is the excess hunting of megafauna, which killed its species as well as the predators that hunted it. What did Teddy do to earn his term in office being coined as the Golden Age in Conservation? In 1903, Roosevelt initiated what was to become the National Wildlife Refuge system when he declared Pelican Island, FL. He also withdrew 50 million acres of land from the public domain to create national forest and he made a stronger enforcement What is overexploitation? Overexploitation is living off the land or seas in a manner that can not be sustained What is the largest threat to terrestrial biodiversity around the world? The largest threat is habitat loss. What is DDT and how did it affect wildlife and humans? DDT: used in WWII to control malaria and typhus, 1962 Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring Has been linked to diabetes, premature birth and low birth rate, developmental delays, parkinson's, asthma, cancers What is propagule pressure and what are pathways of invasion? Propagule pressure is the quantity, quality, and frequency of arriving organisms. Pathways will determine the propagule pressure. It is a major force in determining invasion success. What is acid rain? How is it caused (think power plants primarily)? Acid rain is ran, fog, or snow with a pH of less than 5.6. Sulfuric acid and nitric acid are secondary air pollutants that are directly emitted by power plants and form acid rain. How does climate change affect timing known as the phenology of an animal? What happens if phenologies are mismatched? Phenological events are commonly caused by seasonal temperature changes, photoperiod, lunar tides, seasonal weather, and the phenologies of other organisms. Timing is affected by climate changes because many species phenologies are driven directly or indirectly by temperature cues. If phenologies are mismatched it could lead to population decline. How did carbon get sequestered into our fossil fuels and what was the cretaceous like climatically? What were carbon levels like in the cretaceous? Ice cores show the steady increase of CO2 in the atmosphere has caused greater retention of heat and a gradual warming of Earth. The cretaceous was a time in which the terrestrial plant biome was a huge carbon sink. Living plants took up more carbon dioxide than was released through decomposition. Not only is CO2 produced in much greater quantities than any other greenhouse gases, but a CO2 molecule remains stable in the atmosphere for over 100 years What is the IUCN Red List? It classifies all species reviewed into one of nine categories of endangerment, in order of the risk of extinction. 1. extinct 2. extinct in the wild 3.critically endangered 4.endangered 5. Vulnerable 6.near threatened 7.Least concern 8.data deficient What are the human dimensions of wildlife management? They are individuals, groups, social structures, cultural systems, communities, and institutions What is collaborative conservation? It's the process of creating a sustainable future for peoples and places by inviting diverse and inclusive groups of stakeholders to jointly solve problems through collective learning and action What is the definition of governance? Governance refers to mechanisms whereby governments and other organizations direct their activities, including the processes, laws, rules and policies that collectively guide decisions. What is a stakeholder? A stakeholder is any person who significantly affects or is affected by wildlife or wildlife management decisions or actions. Describe the expert authority approach to stakeholder engagement. Expert authority is a top-down approach in which wildlife managers make decisions and take actions unilaterally. Describe the passive‐receptive approach to stakeholder engagement. The passive‐receptive approach is when wildlife managers welcome stakeholder input but don't seek it systematically. Describe the inquisitive approach to stakeholder engagement. The inquisitive approach by managers recognizes that unsolicited input alone can lead to bias because marginally important stake can be magnified, and some stake can be missed. Describe the intermediary approach to stakeholder engagement. The intermediary approach emerged as managers recognized the value of more dialogue with stakeholders. Describe the transactional approach to stakeholder engagement. The transactional approach is made when a choice must be made about how to prioritize different stakes in management decisions, and they want to engage stakeholders in that process. Describe the comanagerial approach to stakeholder engagement. In the comanagerial approach wildlife conservation agencies engage other government agencies, NGOs, and local communities in decision making and share responsibility and authority for management. What is the current trend in hunting and trapping participation here in the US? its on the decline What are value orientations? Value orientations towards animals are naturalistic, ecologistic, humanistic, moralistic, scientistic, aesthetic, utilitarian, dominionistic, negativistic, naturalistic. [Show More]

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