BIOL 3315 Test 1 - Questions and Answers

Document Content and Description Below

BIOL 3315 Test 1 - Questions and Answers You identify a new unicellular organism with multiple chromosomes organized by proteins within the cell's nucleus. Into which of the three domains of life mi... ght this organism fit? Eukarya Which type(s) of RNA is/are translated into proteins? mRNA In peas, the round allele is dominant over the wrinkled allele. A plant with round peas was crossed to a plant with wrinkled peas and all of the resulting plants had round peas. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross? RR x rr Assuming independent assortment, what phenotypic ratio would you expect to see if an individual with the genotype RrGg is self-crossed? 9:3:3:1 Humans have a gene, T, that is involved in muscle formation of the tongue. Individuals homozygous for one allele can roll their tongues, while individuals homozygous for the other allele cannot. If both parents can roll their tongues, but their child cannot, what can be said about the mode of inheritance? Tongue rolling is dominant, & both parents were heterozygous (Tt) During which stage or phase of the cell cycle does the cell actively transcribe and translate at the highest rate all the protein products necessary for normal cellular structure and function? G1 After which stage or phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis occur? M phase Tumor suppressors are genes that block progression of the cell cycle Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. A woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind has children with a man with normal color vision. What is the probability that their first child will be colorblind? ¼ Sexual reproduction uses ___ to generate ___ gametes meiosis; haploid When a diploid cell divides by mitosis, the result is ___ Identical diploid cells Modern genetics consists of 3 major branches. Which of the branches, also known as "transmission genetics," involves the study of the transmission of traits & characteristics in successive generations? Mendelian What kind of bond is formed between the 5' phosphate group of one nucleotide & the 3' hydroxyl (OH) group of the adjacent nucleotide? Phosphodiester bond What kind of bond is formed between complementary base pairs to joint the 2 DNA strands into a double helix? Hydrogen bond Mendel performed many types of crosses, including those in which the same genotypes are crossed but the sexes of the parents are switched. These are known as ___ Reciprocal Crosses Crosses in which F1 plants heterozygous for a given allele are crossed to generate a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation are known as ___ Monohybrid Crosses The blending theory would predict that the phenotype seen in the F1 generation from a cross between a pure breeding plants with dark purple flowers & a pure breeding plants with white flowers would be ___ Light purple In peas, the yellow allele is dominant over the green allele. A plant with yellow peas was crossed to a plant with green peas. The resulting plants were 50% yellow & 50% green. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross? Yy x yy A couple has 4 children. What is the probability that they have 4 boys? 1/16 In peas, axial (A) flower position is dominant to terminal (a), and tall (L) is dominant to short (l). If a plant that is heterozygous for both traits is allowed to self-fertilize, how many of the offspring would also be heterozygous for both traits? ¼ The law of segregation would predict that the F2 progeny of F1 heterozygous plants will exhibit a ___ 3:1 phenotypic ratio & 1:2:1 genotypic ratio How many different types of gametes can be produced by a short plant with yellow, round peas with a heterozygous genotype (YyRrSs)? 8 During which stage or phase of the cell cycle does the cell replicate its chromosomes? S Certain kinds of cells (e.g., some cells in the eyes and bones) mature and differentiate into a state in which they have a specialized function but do not divide or progress through the cell cycle. These cells are "stuck" in which stage? G0 During mitotic cell division, if chromosomal material is improperly divided between the two daughter cells, one cell could receive three copies of a chromosome, and the other cell could receive only one. This is likely due to a defect in which process? Karyokinesis You discover a new species of snail, Biologica terificia, and find that its haploid number is 4 (n = 4). The somatic cells of Biologica terificia are diploid. How many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of the snail in G1 phase? 8 Picture of chromosome at metaphase of mitosis. How many DNA molecules are present in this chromosome? 2 Which organelle migrates during M phase to form the two opposite poles of the dividing cell and acts as the source of the spindle fiber microtubules? Centrosomes Which structure is responsible for chromosome movement during cell division? Kinetochore microtubules The separation of sister chromatids during anaphase I of mitosis is known as chromosome ___ Disjunction A dihybrid has the genotype AaBb. After a normal mitotic division into two daughters cells, one daughter cell will have the genotype ________ and the other will have the genotype ________. AaBb; AaBb Which mode of inheritance produces heterozygotes with phenotypes that differ from either homozygote but typically more closely resembles one homozygous phenotype than the other? Incomplete dominance (or partial dominance) [Show More]

Last updated: 1 week ago

Preview 3 out of 7 pages