BIOS 252 (Anatomy and Physiology II with Labs) Midterm Essay Questions

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1. Identify and describe intracellular structures (organelles, myofilaments, ect.) of a muscle cell. Contrast skeletal, cardiac and smooth. Epimysium – covers whole muscle belly; Perimysium – s... lightly thicker layer of connective tissue surrounds a bundle of cells called a fascicle; Endomysium – thin layer of tissue surrounding each cell; Muscle fiber – muscle cells are long, cylindrical & multinucleated; Sarcolemma – muscle cell membrane; T tubules – are investigations of the sarcolemma into the center of the cell; Myofibrils – muscel fibers filled with treads separated by SR; Myofilaments – are contractile proteins of muscle; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) – system of tubular sacs sotes Ca+2 in a relaxed muscle, release of Ca+2 triggers muscle contraction; Skeletal Muscle – attaches to bone, skin or fascia; striated, voluntary control of contraction, multinucleated; Cardiac – striated, involuntary control, uninucleated. 2. Describe all phases of twitch. Latent phase – the time that elapses between the generation of an action potential in a muscle cell and the start of the contraction of the muscle. Contraction phase – when the muscle contracts this starts after the latent phase ends with muscle tensions. Relaxation phase – starts after muscle tension and continues until muscle contraction has ended. [Show More]

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