NURS 601 Midterm Exam / NURS601 Midterm Exam / NUR 601 Midterm Exam / NUR601 Midterm Exam /NR601 Midterm Exam / NR 601 Midterm Exam : Chamberlain College Of Nursing (Already graded A)

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R 601 Midterm Exam review Week 1 Developmental changes o Review Kennedy readings for age related changes o Physiological Physiological Age related Change Functional Change Implications Integume... ntary System Loss of dermal and epidermal thickness Loss of subcutaneous tissue and thin epidermis. Prone to skin breakdown and injury Decreased vascularity • Atrophy of sweat glands resulting in decreased sweat production • Decreased body odor • Decreased heat loss • Dryness • Alteration in thermoregulatory response • Fluid requirements may change seasonally • Loss of skin water • Increased risk of heat stroke Respiratory System Decreased lung tissue elasticity Decreased vital capacity Reduced overall efficiency of ventilatory exchange Cilia atrophy Change in mucociliary transport Increased susceptibility to infection Decreased respiratory • Reduced ability to Increased risk of muscle strength handle secretions and reduced effectiveness against noxious foreign particles • Partial inflation of lungs at rest atelectasis Cardiovascular System Heart valves thicken and become fibrotic Reduced stroke volume, cardiac output; may be altered Decreased responsiveness to stress Fibroelastic thickening of the sinoatrial node; decreased number of pacemaker cells Slower heart rate Increased prevalence of arrhythmias Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity (stretch receptors) Decreased sensitivity to changes in blood pressure Prone to loss of balance, which increases the risk for falls GI Liver becomes smaller Decreased storage capacity Decreased muscle tone Altered motility Increases risk of constipation, functional bowel syndrome, esophageal spasm, diverticular disease Decreased basal metabolic rate (rate at which fuel is May need fewer calories converted into energy) o Lab results Lab results Lab Test Normal Changes with age Comments UA Protein 0-5mg/100ml Rises slightly May be due to kidney changes with age, urinary tract infection, renal pathology Specific Gravity 1.005-1.020 Lower max in elderly 1.016- 1.022 Decline in nephrons impairs ability to concentrate urine Hematolog y ESR Men: 0-20 Women: 0-30 Significant increase Neither sensitive nor specific in aged Iron Binding 50-160mcg/dl 230-410mcg/dl Slight decrease Decrease Hemoglobin Men: 13- 18g/100ml Women: 12- 16g Men: 10-17g Women: None noted Anemia common in the elderly Hematocrit Men: 45-52% Slight Decline in Women 37- 48% decreased speculated hematopoiesisLeu Leukocytes 4,300– 10,800/mm3 Drop to 3,100– 9,000/mm3 Decrease may be due to drugs or sepsis and should not be attributed immediately to age Lymphocytes 00–2,400 T cells/mm3 50– 200 B cells/mm3 T-cell and B-cell levels fall Infection risk higher; immunization encouraged Platelet 150,000– 350,000/ No change in number Blood Chemistry Albumin 3.5–5.0 Decline Related to decrease in liver size and enzymes; protein-energy malnutrition common Globulin 2.3–3.5 Slight increase Total serum protein 6.0–8.4 g No change Decreases may indicate malnutrition, infection, liver disease Blood urea nitrogen Men: 10–25 Women: 8–20 mg Increases significantly up to 69 mg Increases significantly up to 69 mg Creatinine 0.6–1.5 mg Increases to 1.9 mg Related to lean body mass decrease Creatinine clearance 104–124 mL/min Decreases 10%/decade after age 40 years Used for prescribing medications for drugs excreted by kidney Glucose tolerance 62–110 mg/dL after fasting; >120 mg/dL after 2 hours postprandial Slight increase of 10 mg/dL/decade after 30 years of age Diabetes increasingly prevalent; drugs may cause glucose intolerance Alkaline phosphatase 13–39 IU/L Increase by 8– 10 IU/L Elevations >20% usually due to disease; elevations may be found with bone abnormalities, drugs (e.g., narcotics), and eating a fatty meal [Show More]

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