BIOLOGY BIO 1414-Exam 2 Study Guide the easiest way to revise

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BIOLOGY BIKnow the difference between microevolution and macroevolution Know the differences between species concepts: biological, morphological, ecological and phylogenetic Know what role reproductiv... e isolation plays in speciation Know the causes of reproductive isolation Know the different types of reproductive isolation Know what a hybrid is Know what outcomes are possible in a hybrid zone Know what prezygotic and postzygotic barriers are Know what allopatric and sympatric speciation means and how they differ Know what polyploidy is and what role it plays in speciation Know the basic time frames of speciation and the role of genes in the process What does the fossil record mean? Know what radiometric dating is and what it is based upon Know what the geologic record is Know what the theory of plate tectonics refers to Know what Pangea was Know what continental drift is and its effects on climate Know how much mass extinction there have been Know about the Permian mass extinction and why it stands out Know what adaptive radiation is Know about developmental genes and heterochrony Know what homeotic (Hox) genes do Know the basic concept of evolutionary novelty Most novel biological structures evolve in many stages from previously existing Know what exaptation means How an idea of how long-ago prokaryotes appeared on earth and how long they were the predominant inhabitants Know the hypotheses about how life on Earth evolved from inorganic materials Know what a protocell is and how this relates to the formation of vesicles Know the potential role of clay Know what the Miller experiment was and its results In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted lab experiments that showed that the Know where carbon may have come from Know the second hypothesis about how amino acids and then peptides might have appeared on Earth Know the definition of life The condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the Know the importance of self-replicating RNA and what ribozymes are Know why DNA may have replaced RNA as carriers of genetic material Know what a stromatolite is Know what cyanobacteria are and their proposed role in early Earth atmosphere Know the three basic cell shapes of bacteria and what gram positive and gram negative Know what peptidoglycan is Know what an endospore is Know what plasmids are and what functions they are involved in Know the differences between anaerobes and aerobes and the different types of each Know what nitrogen fixation is and why it is important Know what biofilms are and what potential role they have in human disease Know the basic types of reproduction in prokaryotes, including what a Pilli is, and conjugation, transformation, transduction and bacteriophages. Know the basic reasons why Archaea and Bacteria are known in two different DOMAINS. Know why Archaea are called extremophiles and some of the roles they play Know what proteobacteria are and know some example of pathogenic bacteria as discussed Know the role prokaryotes play as decomposers Know what symbiosis means, including the terms host, symbiont and mutualism and commensalism Know what parasitism and pathogen mean O 1414-Exam 2 Study Guide the easiest way to revise [Show More]

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