University of Miami<APY 393<APY 39319 Study Guide for Final-REVIEWED AND EDITED BY EXPERTS 2021

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APY 393 Study Guide for Final Exam J. Bryan Page Use guides for Exams 1 and 2 for review of rest of semester Emphasis – Concept of the cultural as related to drug use Holistic Relativistic Co... ntext: taking into account any relevant aspects of the human condition that relates to drug use Psychopharmacology Neuron Synapse: where the action takes place between two neurons Receptors: traffic the neurotransmitters Release-reuptake Big Five Commonalities -all are associated with impairment -millions of non-impaired users -ancient histories of use -target pleasure center of dopamine -plant based Principal neurotransmitter –dopamine -the neurotransmitter most associated with pleasure is dopamine -specialized receptors for each of the big five EXCEPT alcohol -each of the big five activate dopamine ETOH (alcohol) Ubiquitous Yeast -it’s everywhere! Fermentation – how yeast makes alcohol from sugar -14-15% alcohol by volume from fermentation Distillation – how to derive higher concentrations of ETOH from fermented products -the Dutch started utilizing it in the 15th and 16th centuries -brandy and gin -heat a fermented liquid on low heat, catch vapor of alcohol, and you have a concentrated liquid that’s 40% alcohol by volume on the first pass Camba (where? What does it mean?) -represent a case in which a drug we are familiar with has a different meaning in a different context -they drink nearly pure alcohol that is gross to taste at the time, they were isolated villages who would have fiestas and get completely black out on “alchol” -outside of these fiestas, there was no drinking Cannabis  Earliest complex of regularized use goes back to China o Used for food and fiber (5 kya)  Ganja came to Jamaica and Trinidad/Tobago from 1840-1880 from the East Indian endendured servants o Transferred to black people o Chares (similar to hash) History/xenophobia Arrival in the New World Hemp first Ganja later  The Kalifs would kill off their political leaders using young men strung out on hashish  Men were told that they would reach paradise if carrying out this mission  Took place in modern day Israel  The Europeans saw this and related it to marijuana Why scary? Harry Anslinger and Reefer Madness  Wanted to make his beareu more important and criminalized marijauana  1937 – Marijuana Stamp Act Impact on health Issues – Lungs: with the collinear use of marijuana alongside tobacco, it was hard to determine if there was lung dysfunction actually related to marijauna Eyes Cognitive function Research – India and Egypt: marijuana causes people to go crazy – the study used people who were already institutionalized for mental health Panama: research on U.S. GIs working on the canal – Panamanians brought over black people from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago who were smoking ganja [Show More]

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