8. Previous Assignment and Answers - 2005-2010

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Experienced scientists are expected to... (1) only undertake research when they can prevent all errors in research (2) challenge established theories (3) regard all knowledge as reliable and theref... ore highly predictable (4) engage only in research that interests them 1 Option (2) is the key Option (2) is correct because by challenging established theories the validity and reliability of theories can be confirmed or disproved. This process promotes the development of knowledge. Option (1) is incorrect because errors or shortcomings in research can motivate other researchers to develop and apply better research methods. Option (3) is incorrect because experienced researchers must demonstrate healthy skepticism when validity and reliability of knowledge is at stake. Option (4) is incorrect because it can be expected from experienced researchers to undertake diverse research that not necessarily stimulates their interests. QUESTION 2 Norms for the scientific community contain the following: (1) universalism and organised skepticism (2) universalism and neutrality as to the possible popularity or unpopularity of research results (3) communalism and honesty (4) all the above 2 Option (4) is the key Option (4) is correct as the norms for the scientific community includes all the norms characteristics as indicated under options (1), (2) and (3). By choosing just one of the alternative options is an exclusive choice. [Show More]

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