Case Study Questions and Answers (Emily Altwies)/RATED A

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Case Study Questions and Answers (Emily Altwies)/RATED A 1. What is TB, and what microorganism causes it? a. TB is a contagious bacterial infection that usually attacks your lungs, but can also spre... ad to other parts of your body like the brain and spine. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the microorganism that causes TB. 2. What is the route of transmission for TB? a. Airborne 3. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends screening people at high risks for TB. List five populations at high risk for developing active disease. a. Babies and young children (weak immune systems) b. People with the HIV infection c. People with organ transplants d. People who have been recently infected with TB bacteria e. People with diabetes mellitus and severe kidney disease 4. Describe the two methods of TB screening. a. TB skin test (Mantoux tuberculin skin test or PPD): This test requires two visits with your health care provider. At the first visit, the test is placed by injecting a small amount of tuberculin into the subcutaneous skin on the lower part of the arm. The patient must return within 48 to 72 hours for the test to be read. The results depend on the size of the raised, hard area or swelling. b. TB blood test (interferon-gamma release assays or IGRAs): A health care provider draws the patient’s blood and sends it to the lab for analysis and results. 5. How do you determine whether a Mantoux test result is positive or negative? a. An induration of less than 5 millimeters is considered a negative test result. If it is 5 millimeters and you have been in recent contact with someone with TB, you are HIV positive, you have had an organ transplant, you are taking immunosuppressant’s, or you have previously had TB it is a positive test result. If it is at least 10 millimeters and you live in a high-risk environment, work in a hospital, medical lab, or other high risk setting, or you’re a child under the age of 4 it is a positive test result. If the induration is more than 15 millimeters, it is a positive test result. [Show More]

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