BIOS256 Midterm Study Guide_July2018

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The Midterm spans material covered in Chapters 24 through 26. The exam will be worth 170 points with a mix of the following question types: 35 multiple-choice, 4 select all that apply, 15 short answe... r, and 1 essay question. The exam will be held on Wednesday, 8 August 2018 in Room 214 from 12:00 pm -2:00 pm. You will have 1.5 hours to finish the exam. Best of luck to you! Multiple-Choice Questions and Select All That Apply  (Ch. 24) Organs of the digestive system o Mouth o Pharynx o Esophagus o Stomach o Small intestine o Large intestine o Rectum o Anal canal o Anus  (Ch. 24) Functions of the GI tract o Ingestion o Secretion o Mixing and propulsion o Digestion o Absorption o Defecations  (Ch. 24) Neural innervation of the GI tract o Enteric Nervous system  Submucosal plexus-secrete/not secrete  Myenteric plexus-full feeling attached to muscles o Autonomic Nervous System  Parasympathetic- rest and digest  Sympathetic-fight or flight  (Ch. 24) Teeth o 20 baby teeth/32 adult teeth  Enamel-protects the tooth (calcium salts)  Dentin-makes up the majority of the tooth (calcified connective tissue)  Gingival sulcus  Gingiva (gums)-holds teeth in place  Pulp cavity-contains pulp (connective tissue contains nerves and blood vessels)  Cementum-bone like attaches the root to periodontal ligament  Root canal- extension of the pulp cavity, contains blood vessels and nerves  Alveolar bone-  Periodontal ligament-helps anchor tooth to underlying bone  Apical foramen-opening at the base of root canal where blood vessels and nerves pass  Nerve  Blood supply July 2018 BIOS256 Midterm Study Guide  (Ch. 24) Stomach o Figure 24.12  (Ch. 24) Pancreas o Produces enzymes that digest carbs, proteins, fats and nucleic acids o Produces sodium bicarbonate that buffers stomach acids o Empties into the duodenum  (Ch. 24) Liver o Falciform ligament-separates lobes of liver o Liver Functions:  Stores/produces bile (emulsification of fats)  Carb, lipid and protein metabolism  Stores glycogen  Processing of drugs and hormones  Bilirubin excretion  Bile salt synthesis  Phagocytosis  Vitamin D activation o Composed of:  hepatocytes -helps with processing nutrients  bile canaliculi- channels for bile to travel  hepatic sinusoids-blood system for hepatocytes o Blood Supply of liver  Nutrient rich deoxygenated blood from hepatic portal vein  Branches of hepatic portal vein  Hepatic sinusoids  Central vein  Hepatic vein  Inferior vena cava  Right atrium of heart [Show More]

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