Patho Exam 2 Integumentary system SKIN- largest organ, 20% of body weight ACCESSORIES 1. hair 3. Gland 2. nails 1. PROTECTION 2. TEMPERATURE REGULATION 3. PROTECT AGAINST MICROOGRA... NISM 4. LOSS OF BODY FLUIDS 5. STRESS OF MECHANICAL FORCES 6. PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN D 7. IMMUNE SURVEILLENCE 8. PLEASUREABLE SENSATION EPIDERMIS Layers 1. superficial outer layer 4. stratum spinosum 2. stratum corneum 5. stratum germinativum 3. stratum lucidum 6. Stratum basale Keratinocytes- keratin Melanocytes- melanin * Vitiligo- autoimmune related loss of melanocytes; depigmentation of patches of skin Langerhan cells- present processed antigen to T- cells Merkel cells- function as slowly adapting mechoreceptors DERMIS 1. deeper layer, true skin 2. collagen, elastin, reticulum, and a gel-like ground substance 3. hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves 4. Fibroblast- secrete collagen 5. mast cells- release histamine 6. macrophages- phagocytic immune cells * Histocytes- loose connective tissue; phagocytize pigments and debris of inflammation SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER 1. fat cell or adipocytes and connective tissue 2. dermal collagen is continuous w/ the subcutaneous collagen 3. macrophages, fibroblast, fat cells, nerves, fine muscles, blood vessels, lymphatics, and hair root follicles DERMAL APPENDAGES 1. hair, nails 2. Sebaceous glands- secrete sebum 3. Eccrine sweat glands- thermoregulate and cool the body through evaporation 4. Apocrine sweat glands – limited function Blood supply and innervation 1. papillary capillaries provide a rich supply of blood 2. sympathetic nervous system regulates vasoconstriction and vasodilation through a- adrenergic receptors [Show More]
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