Pathophysiology HESI final Exam review questions and answers. Highly examined QUIZES

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What kind of nursing implications will come with diverticulosis? - encourage 2-3 L of fluid per day, assess stools for color, consistency, frequency, and presence, and offer high dietary roughage. ... What are the warning signs of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia and also an elevated fever What is the glucose level in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state? - above 600 How severe is the dehydration that comes with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state? - it is so bad it can send you into a diabetic coma. What are the classifications of osteoporosis? - type 1 is associated with early menopausal estrogen deficiency, type 2 is senile osteoporosis with calcium with calcium deficiency What kind of nursing implications come with osteoporosis? - implement an exercise regimen that incorporates weight bearing exercises and instruct on adequate calcium intake through diet or supplements How can you test hCG. hormones - you can test for detection by blood test about 11 days after conceptions and about 14 days after conception by urine test. The levels will peak in the first 8-11 weeks Explain starling's law - the greater the muscle fibers are stretched, the more the heart can pump out blood more forcefully, so the CO will be increased. What is tissue plasminogen activator? - it is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown When would you use tissue plasminogen activator? - for treatment of acute ischemic stroke What is cardiac tamponade? - It is compression of heart muscles by excess fluid or blood within the pericardial sac What would you hear in someone who has cardiac tamponade? - you would hear a friction rub Where do you want your HDL levels to be at? - above 35mg/dL What is the most abundant plasma protein? - albumin What is the purpose of albumin? - it helps move many small molecules through the blood When would you have decreased albumin? - After weight-loss surgery, Crohn's disease, low-protein diets, sprue, whipple disease What are the 2 dysfunctions of CHF - diastolic dysfunction and systolic dysfunction What is diastolic dysfunction? - occurs when ventricles pump against extremely high afterload as in primary HTN What is systolic dysfunction - occurs when ventricles experience damage as in MI and ventricle cannot contract effectively. This leads to an increase in preload. What is the pathological definition of emphysema? - It is breakdown of elastin and collagen fiber network of alveoli whereby alveoli enlarge or walls are destroyed. How would a person's breathing be affected with emphysema ? - The person would starts to hyperventilate to maintain ABGs. Cyanosis will come later in emphysema. What is the cause of Addison's disease? - it is a deficit of adrenocorticotropic hormones. What kind of traumas can cause hypo function of the adrenal cortex? - surgical removal, infection or tumor of adrenal glands, head trauma (because it affects the pituitary) How is sodium affected in decreased function of the adrenal hormones? - increased NA excretion. What is pannus - vascular granulation tissue that forms in synovial membrane of clients with RA What are the diagnostic criteria for RA? - morning stiffness for at least 1 hour and persisting over at least 6 weeks, arthritis with swelling or effusion of 3 or more joints persisting for at least 6 weeks. What can exacerbate MS - stress, pregnancy, illness, fever, and fatigue [Show More]

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