BCBA Exam Section 1: Foundational Knowledge updated fall 2022

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BCBA Exam Section 1: Foundational Knowledge Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Correct Answer: Scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially-significant... Bx and for developing technology of Bx change that is practical and applicable. ABA is an applied science. Definition of Science Correct Answer: Systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world. It's based on determinism. Purpose of Science Correct Answer: To achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study. In ABA, the phenomena are socially-important Bx. 3 Levels of Scientific Understanding Correct Answer: DPC - Description, Prediction, Control Description Correct Answer: Systematic observations that can be quantified and classified. One of the 3 levels of scientific understanding. Prediction Correct Answer: Two events may regularly occur at the same time. AKA, covariation, correlation. One of the 3 levels of scientific understanding. Control Correct Answer: Functional relation. Experimental demonstration that manipulating one event results in another event. AKA, causation. The highest level of scientific understanding. 6 Attitudes of Science/Philosophical Assumptions Correct Answer: DEERPP - Determinism, Empiricism, Experimentation, Replication, Parsimony, Philosophical Doubt. Determinism Correct Answer: The world is an orderly, predictable place. Cause/effect. If/then. Empiricism Correct Answer: Facts, experimental, data-based, driven by observation and experience. Requires quantification and detailed description. Experimental Correct Answer: Requires manipulation of variables to see the effects on the dependent variable. The basic strategy of most sciences. AKA, experimental Analysis. Replication Correct Answer: Repeating experiments. The method used to determine reliability and discover mistakes. Makes science a self-correcting enterprise. Parsimony Correct Answer: Simplest theory. Rule out simple/logical explanations before considering more complex ones. Helps scientists fit findings in knowledge base. Philosophical Doubt Correct Answer: Healthy skepticism and critical eye about the results of studies and your work with clients. 7 Dimensions of ABA Correct Answer: BATCAGE - Behavioral, Applied, Technological, Conceptually Systematic, Analytical, Generality, Effective. Defined by Baer, Wolf, & Risley in 1968. When was JABA first published? Correct Answer: 1968 Behavioral Correct Answer: Observable and measurable events. The Bx one chooses MUST be the Bx in need of improvement. Applied Correct Answer: Improves client's everyday life. Improves socially-significant Bx. Helps significant others behave more positively toward client. Technological Correct Answer: Defines procedures clearly and in detail so they're replicable. Conceptually Systematic Correct Answer: All procedures are tied to the principles of ABA. Analytical Correct Answer: A functional relation is demonstrated. Ultimate issue is believability - is the experimental control sufficient enough to prove a reliable functional relation? AKA, functional relation, experimentation, control, causation. Generality Correct Answer: Extends Bx change across time, settings, or other Bx. AKA, generalization. Effective Correct Answer: Improves Bx in a practical manner (not just statistically significant). 3 Types of Mentalism Correct Answer: HEC - Hypothetical Constructs, Explanatory Fictions, Circular Reasoning Mentalism Correct Answer: An approach to explaining Bx that assumes an inner dimension exists that causes Bx. Traditional psychology is dominated by mentalism. AKA, spiritual, psychic, subjective, feelings, attitudes, processing. Hypothetical Constructs Correct Answer: A presumed, but unobserved, entity. Examples include free will, readiness, memory storage & retrieval, information processing. AKA, imaginary constructs. Explanatory Fictions Correct Answer: Fictitious variables that are another name for the observed Bx. They contribute nothing to the understanding of variables maintaining Bx. Words associated with explanatory fictions are "knows," "wants," "figures out." Circular Reasoning Correct Answer: The cause and effect are both inferred from the same info. Example, he cried because he felt sad. The sad feeling and the crying are both inferred from the same depressive Bx. Behaviorism Correct Answer: The philosophy of the science of behavior. Emerged in the early 20th century in response to mentalistic psychology that had difficulty making predictions that could be experimentally tested. It's the environmental explanation of Bx. 4 Branches of Behavior Analysis Correct Answer: CASE - Conceptual Analysis of Behavior, ABA, Service Delivery, Experimental Analysis of Behavior Conceptual Analysis of Behavior Correct Answer: Examines philosophical, theoretical, historical, and methodological issues. AKA, behaviorism. ABA Correct Answer: Refers to behavior analysts that assess, monitor, analyze, revise, and communicate the effects of their work. They create Bx-change tactics. Behavior Service Delivery Correct Answer: Refers to the many people in various fields implementing ABA within their professions (NOT BCBAs or BCaBAs). Think of educators, coaches, counselors, animal training, etc. Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) Correct Answer: Research on basic processes and principles that is done mainly in labs. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Correct Answer: Classical conditioning. Respondent conditioning with dogs. First studies published in 1906. John Broadus Watson Correct Answer: Methodological behaviorism. First person to describe behaviorism as a formal system. Looked only at publicly-observable events. Direct observation of the relationship between the stimulus and the response (S-R psychology). Little Albert experiment. Burrhus Frederic Skinner Correct Answer: Radical behaviorism unveiled in 1938. Considered radical because it included private events. Little Albert experiment Correct Answer: Conducted in 1920 by John B. Watson. A white rat was paired with a loud clanking noise resulting in 9-month-old Albert crying and showing fear when he saw the rat. 2 Sources of Influence for Radical Behaviorism Correct Answer: Darwinian Selectionism and Pragmatism Darwinian Selectionism Correct Answer: 3-term contingency with regard to the survival of species. Life evolves as a result of selection with respect to function. Selection by consequences operates during the lifetime of the individual (ontogeny) and is similar to natural selection (phylogeny). Operant selection by consequences requires variation in Bx. Bx that result in best outcomes are selected and survive; thus, leading to more adaptive repertoires. Pragmatism Correct Answer: A probabilistic AB-because-of-C philosophy. The relationship of A (setting) and B (behavior) is because of C (consequence). 2 Primary Types of Behavior Correct Answer: Repondent Bx and Operant Bx Respondent Behavior Correct Answer: Involuntary Bx elicited by antecedent stimuli. Changes little over a person's lifetime. Product of natural evolution. AKA, reflex, reflexive relations, US-UR. Habituation Correct Answer: When the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time, the strength of the respondent Bx diminishes. Phylogenic/Phylogeny Correct Answer: Bx that is inherited genetically. Respondent Bx is due to phylogenic history. [Show More]

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