HUN 2201: Fundamentals of Human Nutrition

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HUN 2201: Fundamentals of Human Nutrition (Nutrition Basics Lecture Outline) What is Nutrition?  Nutrition is…“the act or process of nourishing or being nourished; specifically: the sum of ... the processes by which an animal or plant take sin and utilizes food substances.” Medline Plus Also includes the social, economic, cultural, and psychological implications of food and eating. Food Choices and Eating Behaviors  3 of the top causes of death are related to nutrition  Your actual risk of disease results from the interplay between the genes you inherit and the diet and lifestyle choices you make o The genes you inherit may give you a greater or lesser tendency to develop conditions like obesity… Why do we eat the way we do?  Personal preference or habit  Cultural and family background  Social acceptability  Availability, convenience, and economy  Positive and negative associations  Psychological and emotional factors  Personal values  Body weight and image  Health benefits The Nutrients Definition of nutrients  Chemical substances obtained from food and used by the body o Energy – Makes ATP o structure o regulation – calcium  “Essential” versus non-essential o needed in the diet o lack leads to deficiency o addition to diet cures deficiency o Example: Vitamin C because we cannot produce it ourselves Essential Nutrients  Oxygen, water, sunlight  2 fatty acids o α-Linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid) o Linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid)  8 amino acids o Some conditionally essential  13 vitamins  Choline  16+ minerals Organic vs. Inorganic Nutrients  Organic (O)= carbon-containing  Inorganic (I)= No carbon Six classes of nutrients  Carbohydrates (O)  Protein (O)  Fat (O)  Vitamins (O)  Minerals (I)  Water (I)  FIBER?? (O) Energy-Yielding Nutrients  Carb  Fat  Protein o Protein is used to do many other things too Carbohydrates  Sugars and starches  Food sources o grains o vegetables o fruits o dairy products Lipids (fats)  Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Sterols  Food sources o fats and oils o meats o dairy products o plants Proteins  Amino acids o Fold into 3d shapes  Food sources o meats o dairy foods o legumes o vegetables o grains Vitamins  Organic Compounds  Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble  Food Sources o all food groups  Do not directly provide energy o B vitamins Minerals  Inorganic Elements  Food Sources o all food groups  ex: water o atoms or simple molecules Water  The Most Essential Nutrient  Sources o foods o beverages Fiber  Provides a small amount of energy  Soluble and insoluble  Sources o fruits o vegetables o grains  soluble o attract water o good for GI tract [Show More]

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