NUR 2063/NR2063: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST BANK 2021(100% CORRECT ANSWERS)-RASMUSSEN COLLEGE

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NU RS IN GT B.CO M Chapter 41: Diabetes Mellitus Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is a. pa... ncreatic -cell destruction. b. lack of insulin receptors. c. lack of exercise and chronic overeating. d. impaired glucose transport into cells. ANS: A By definition, type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of the  cells of the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency, and thus glucose cannot enter muscle and adipose tissue. Type 1 diabetes is unrelated to lack of exercise and chronic overeating. In type 1 diabetes, production of glucose by the liver is no longer opposed by insulin. 2. Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in a. increased active transport of glucose into the cell. b. glycogen breakdown within target cells. c. increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose. d. gluconeogenesis. ANS: C The plasma membranes of cells are permeable to glucose, and the diffusion of glucose into some cells is controlled by glucose transporters. Activated glucose transporters translocate to the cell membrane to facilitate diffusion of glucose. Glycogen breakdown does not occur when insulin binds to its receptor on target cells. Gluconeogenesis is not the result of insulin binding to target cells. 3. A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is a. acetone breath. b. warm, dry skin. c. tremors. d. hyperventilation. ANS: C Tremors are a sign of hypoglycemia. Acetone breath is not a sign of hypoglycemia. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) is a sign of hypoglycemia. Hyperventilation does not indicate hypoglycemia. 4. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with a. nonketotic hyperosmolality. b. childhood. c. autoimmune destruction of the pancreas. d. ketoacidosis. ANS: A qwivy.COM Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Test Bank https://www.qwivy.com/file/65294913/41pdf/ This study resource was shared via qwivy.com 1 / 2 NU RS IN GT B.CO M More common in type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in older individuals, is nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome characterized by severe hyperglycemia with no or slight ketosis and striking dehydration. Type 1 diabetes is seen more in childhood than type 2. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin. Ketoacidosis is found in type 1 diabetes. 5. What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus? a. Blood glucose levels b. Urine glucose levels c. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) d. Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia ANS: C HbA1c values are used clinically to estimate long-term control and to set and evaluate therapeutic goals. Monitoring of blood glucose levels is useful for monitoring short-term glycemic control. The blood glucose level at which glucose is measurable in the urine, the glycemic threshold, varies from individual to individual, is usually unacceptably high, and cannot be used to establish the presence of hypoglycemia. Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia are not a useful method of evaluating long-term glucose management. 6. Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from a. decreased myoinositol transport. b. elevated HbA1c. c. deficient neuronal insulin receptors. d. neuronal demyelination. ANS: A Glucose appears to compete with myoinositol in transport into the cell. Degradation of glucose to sorbitol and fructose (the polyol pathway) occurs in the nerves in the presence of [Show More]

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