Test Bank Myers Psychology/Myers Psychology Test Bank latest version

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Test Bank on Myers Psychology latest Chapter 1  The mind should be studied through careful, empirical observations. Incorrect  The mind is an illusion p roduced by the brain. Incorrect  The... mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies. (True Answer )Correct  The mind is made up of knowledge that is a result of our experiences. Incorrect  The mind results from biological processes produced by neural transmissions. Incorrect 2 Which philosopher was the first to conclude that knowledge results from our memories of our experiences?  Plato Incorrect  Socrates Incorrect  Kant Incorrect  Descartes Incorrect  Aristotle (True Answer )Correct 3 Descartes theory of how our brain controlled our reflexes involved which of the following?  structuralism and functionalism Incorrect  brain fluid and “animal spirits” (True Answer )Correct  blank slate and empiricism Incorrect  astrology and tabula rasa Incorrect  innate knowledge and experimental data Incorrect 4 Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a “blank slate”?  Plato Incorrect  John Locke (True Answer )Correct  Immanuel Kant Incorrect  René Descartes Incorrect  Plato and Socrates. Incorrect  Aristotle Incorrect 5 The ideas that most directly helped form modern empiricism were proposed by  John Locke and Francis Bacon. (True Answer )Correct  Plato and René Descartes. Incorrect  Socrates and Confucius. Incorrect  Aristotle and Socrates. Incorrect 6 Which philosopher would have been most enthusiastic about modern empiricism?  Plato Incorrect  Socrates Incorrect  Aristotle (True Answer )Correct  René Descartes Incorrect  Immanuel Kant Incorrect 7 The first psychological laboratory was established by  William James. Incorrect  John Watson. Incorrect  Wilhelm Wundt. (True Answer )Correct  Sigmund Freud. Incorrect  Jean Piaget. Incorrect 8 Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of  animal intelligence. Incorrect  personality development. Incorrect  learning and memory. Incorrect  reactions to sensory stimulation. (True Answer )Correct  association and generalization. Incorrect 9 Which of the following innovations differentiated Wilhelm Wundt's research the most from any psychologist before him?  empiricism Incorrect  structuralism Incorrect  tabula rasa Incorrect  laboratory research (True Answer )Correct  separation of mind and body Incorrect 10 Wilhelm Wundt's early experiments were attempts to investigate which area of psychology?  the causes of mental illnesses Incorrect  social conformity Incorrect  the simplest mental processes (True Answer )Correct  childhood development Incorrect  causes of aggression Incorrect 11 Why is Wilhelm Wundt often considered the first scientific psychological researcher?  His scientific philosophy was carefully built on Descartes' idea about mind-body dualism. Incorrect  He gathered data through experiments in his lab. (True Answer )Correct  He treated patients with mental illnesses using a medical model for the first time. Incorrect  His attention to genetic causes was ahead of his time. Incorrect  He analyzed data from his studies using inferential statistics. Incorrect 12 In Wilhelm Wundt's experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a sound. By asking participants to examine and report their conscious experiences, Wundt was making use of which of the following?  structuralism Incorrect  empiricism Incorrect  tabula rasa Incorrect  introspection (True Answer )Correct  functionalism Incorrect 13 Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind?  Aristotle Incorrect  John Locke Incorrect  Edward Titchener (True Answer )Correct  John Watson Incorrect  Socrates Incorrect 14 The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called  clinical psychology. Incorrect  introspection. (True Answer )Correct  spaced practice. Incorrect  humanism. Incorrect  Gestalt psychology. Incorrect 15 Introspection was the basic research tool used by in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images.  John Watson Incorrect  Charles Darwin Incorrect  Edward Titchener (True Answer )Correct  B. F. Skinner Incorrect  Mary Calkins Incorrect 16 Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as  empiricism. Incorrect  structuralism. Incorrect  introspection. (True Answer )Correct  functionalism. Incorrect  psychometrics. Incorrect 17 The method of introspection was used by Titchener to identify  inherited traits. Incorrect  learned responses. Incorrect  maladaptive behaviors. Incorrect  unconscious motives. Incorrect  elements of sensory experience. (True Answer )Correct 18 Research participants who carefully observe and report their immediate reactions and feelings in response to different musical sounds are using the method known as  spaced practice. Incorrect  psychoanalysis. Incorrect  introspection. (True Answer )Correct  natural selection. Incorrect  SQ3R. Incorrect 19 The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of  structuralism. (True Answer )Correct  psychiatry. Incorrect  empiricism. Incorrect  behaviorism. Incorrect  functionalism. Incorrect 20 Contemporary psychologists are most likely to reject which of the following as appropriate for the study of psychology?  empiricism Incorrect  observation Incorrect  introspection (True Answer )Correct  experimentation Incorrect  mental activity Incorrect 21 The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by  Wilhelm Wundt. Incorrect  William James. (True Answer )Correct  René Descartes. Incorrect  John B. Watson. Incorrect  Sigmund Freud. Incorrect 22 William James was a prominent American  psychoanalyst. Incorrect  behaviorist. Incorrect  functionalist. (True Answer )Correct  structuralist. Incorrect  gestaltist. Incorrect 23 Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the  adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions. (True Answer )Correct  component elements of sensory experience. Incorrect  disruptive effects of unconscious motives. Incorrect  treatment of psychological disorders. Incorrect  inward immediate sensations, feelings, and impulses. Incorrect 24 Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?  Jean Piaget Incorrect  Francis Bacon Incorrect  Rosalie Rayner Incorrect  Mary Calkins (True Answer )Correct  Margaret Washburn Incorrect 25 Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.?  Jean Piaget Incorrect  Francis Bacon Incorrect  Rosalie Rayner Incorrect  Mary Calkins Incorrect  Margaret Washburn (True Answer )Correct 26 Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?  Wilhelm Wundt Incorrect  John B. Watson Incorrect  Sigmund Freud Incorrect  William James (True Answer )Correct  Mary Calkins Incorrect 27 The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian  chemist. Incorrect  physician. (True Answer )Correct  theologian. Incorrect  politician. Incorrect  philanthropist. Incorrect 28 In its early years, psychology focused on the study of , but from the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of .  environmental influences; hereditary influences Incorrect  maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior Incorrect  unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feelings Incorrect  mental life; observable behavior (True Answer )Correct  biology; culture Incorrect 29 Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”?  John B. Watson (True Answer )Correct  Edward Titchener Incorrect  Wilhelm Wundt Incorrect  Jean Piaget Incorrect  William James Incorrect 30 Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?  Ivan Pavlov Incorrect  Carl Rogers Incorrect  William James Incorrect  John B. Watson Incorrect  Sigmund Freud (True Answer )Correct 31 In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on , whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on .  evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; self-reports of immediate physical sensations Incorrect  observable behavior; the way we perceive, process, and remember information Incorrect  childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential (True Answer )Correct  introspective reports of immediate sensations; empirical research relying on observation and experimentation Incorrect  the study of brain activity linked with mental activity; the examination of the stream of consciousness and emotion Incorrect 32 Behaviorists dismissed the value of  science. Incorrect  introspection. (True Answer )Correct  spaced practice. Incorrect  neuroscience. Incorrect  reinforcement. Incorrect 33 Which of the following psychologists most clearly rejected the value of introspection?  Wilhelm Wundt Incorrect  Edward Titchener Incorrect  John B. Watson (True Answer )Correct  William James Incorrect  Sigmund Freud Incorrect 34 Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of  childhood memories. Incorrect  genetic predispositions. Incorrect  unconscious thoughts. Incorrect  healthy growth potential. (True Answer )Correct  punishment and reinforcement. Incorrect 35 In the 1960s, humanistic psychologists considered the approach advanced by behaviorists to be excessively  illogical. Incorrect  biological. Incorrect  introspective. Incorrect  mechanistic. (True Answer )Correct  cognitive. Incorrect 36 In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of  mental processes. (True Answer )Correct  hereditary influences. Incorrect  unconscious motives. Incorrect  learned behaviors. Incorrect  evolutionary influences. Incorrect 37 Which area of psychology might be best suited to investigate the following research question: what happens in our brain when we forget details about stressful life events, and how does this process affect behavior?  structuralism Incorrect  behaviorism Incorrect  humanistic psychology Incorrect  cognitive neuroscience (True Answer )Correct  functionalist experimental psychology Incorrect 38 Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of  conscious and unconscious mental activity. Incorrect  observable responses to the environment. Incorrect  behavior and mental processes. (True Answer )Correct  thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. Incorrect  maladaptive and adaptive behaviors. Incorrect 39 Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of  evolution versus natural selection. Incorrect  stage development versus continuous development. Incorrect  structuralism versus functionalism. Incorrect  behavior versus mental processes. Incorrect  nature versus nurture. (True Answer )Correct 40 Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding  structuralism versus functionalism. Incorrect  evolution versus natural selection. Incorrect  observation versus introspection. Incorrect  nature versus nurture. (True Answer )Correct  humanism versus behaviorism. Incorrect 41 Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her African-American and Asian-American friends result from biological or cultural influences. In this instance, Lissette is primarily concerned with the relative contributions of [Show More]

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