QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING FOR 2022

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Most of the body systems have matured by the preschool years. Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years. The respiratory stru... ctures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age. The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature. However, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature. The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler. The 4-year-old generally has adequate bowel control. Heart rate decreases and blood pressure increases slightly during the preschool years. An innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation. The urethra remains short in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections than adults. PTS: 1 REF: p. 120, Physiologic Changes NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Select 3. The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. What are normal activities characteristic of the preschooler? Select all that apply. a. Plans activities and makes up games. b. Initiates activities with others. c. Acts out roles of other people. d. Engages in parallel play with peers. e. Classifies or groups objects by their common elements. f. Understands relationships among objects. ANS: A, B, C Feedback: The many activities of the preschooler include beginning to plan activities, making up games, initiating activities with others, and acting out the roles of other people (real and imaginary). Toddlers engage in parallel play; preschoolers engage in cooperative play. School-age children classify or group objects by common elements and understand relationships among objects. PTS: 1 REF: p. 122, Table 5.1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select [Show More]

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