Anatomy & Physiology for Nurses 1: Short Answer + Listing Questions 2022

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Anatomy & Physiology for Nurses 1: Short Answer + Listing Questions 2022 List the levels of biological organization. - Answer- -Chemistry -Cell -Tissue -Organ -Organ System -Organism What is... the smallest level of organization that shows all characteristics of life? - Answer- Cell List the organ systems and provide a specific example organ for each. - Answer- - Integumentary: skin -Skeletal: femur -Muscular: bicep brachii -Nervous: brain -Endocrine: pancreas -Lymphatic: spleen -Digestive: stomach -Urinary: kidneys -Reproductive: ovary -Cardiovascular: heart -Respiratory: lungs List the primary tissue types. - Answer- -Epithelial -Connective -Muscular -Nervous List the 3 things that all connective tissues have. - Answer- -Specialized cell population -Extracellular proteins -Ground substance What makes up the matrix in all connective tissues? - Answer- -Extracellular proteins -Ground substance List the levels of skeletal muscle organization (from largest to smallest). - Answer- - Skeletal muscle organ system -Fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers) -Muscle fibers (muscle cells) -Myofibrils -Sarcomere -Myofilament What is the smallest contractile unit? - Answer- Sarcomere List the layers that a needle would pass through when given in the muscle. - Answer- -Surface film -Stratum corneum -Stratum lucidum -Stratum granulosum -Stratum spinosum -Stratum basale -Basement membrane -Papillary layer of dermis -Reticular layer of dermis -Hypodermis (superficial fascia) -Epimysium -Perimysium -Endomysium Which layer of the skin is only found in thick skin? - Answer- Stratum lucidum List the layers of the brain stem. - Answer- -Midbrain -Pons -Medulla Oblongata List the Special Senses. - Answer- -Vision -Olfaction -Gustation -Hearing -Equilibrium True or False: anatomy and physiology are complimentary; "structure fits function." - Answer- True What term describes the study of the structures of the body? - Answer- Anatomy What term describes the study of the functioning of the structures of the body? - Answer- Physiology What term describes the study of cells? - Answer- Cytology What term describes the study of tissues? - Answer- Histology What term describes the body's attempt to maintain important physiological variables within an acceptable range? - Answer- Homeostasis What is the only organ system that does not have maintaining homeostasis as a primary goal? - Answer- Reproductive system What term describes all of the chemical reactions occurring in the body? - AnswerMetabolism What term describes a subdivision of all of the chemical reactions occurring in the body in which smaller molecules are combined to make larger molecules? - AnswerAnabolism What term describes a subdivision of all of the chemical reactions occurring in the body in which larger molecules are broken to make smaller molecules? - AnswerCatabolism What tonicity term describes a solution with the same concentration of solutes in it as the solution it is being compared to across a cell membrane? - Answer- Isotonic What tonicity term describes a solution with a lesser concentration of solutes in it than the solution it is being compared to across a cell membrane? - AnswerHypotonic What tonicity term describes a solution with a greater concentration of solutes in it than the solution it is being compared to across a cell membrane? - AnswerHypertonic What major organic macromolecule is the most energy dense? - Answer- Lipids What major organic macromolecules functions for information storage and transport in the cell? - Answer- Nucleic acids What major organic macromolecule is the primary source of chemical energy? - Answer- Carbohydrates What major organic macromolecule contains C, H, O, N, composing amino acids? - Answer- Proteins (or polypeptides) What type of cartilage is by far the most common in your body? - Answer- Hyaline What organelle is the actual site of peptide synthesis? - Answer- Ribosome What organelle produces the majority of ATP in the cell at rest? - AnswerMitochondrian What organelle is the only membranous organelle that is not a part of the endomembrane flow? - Answer- Mitochondrian What multi-tissue membrane surrounds and supports organs in the ventral body cavity? - Answer- Serous membrane What multi-tissue membrane lines body cavities that open to the outside of the body? - Answer- Mucous membrane What specific tissue type is the epithelial component of a cutaneous membrane made from? - Answer- Stratified squamous epithelium What specific tissue type is the epidermis made of? - Answer- Stratified squamous epithelium What specific tissue type would you expect to find in a location that experiences a lot of friction? - Answer- Stratified squamous epithelial What specific tissue type is the papillary layer of the dermis made from? - AnswerAreolar connective tissue What specific tissue type would you expect to find in an organ that stretches as part of its function? - Answer- Transitional epithelial tissue What specific tissue type is the reticular layer of the dermis made from? - AnswerDense irregular connective tissue What specific tissue type is the connective tissue component of a mucous membrane? - Answer- Areolar connective tissue What type of exchange reaction describes a loss of electrons? - Answer- Oxidation What type of exchange reaction describes a gain of electrons? - Answer- Reduction What term describes the creation of pre-mRNA from a DNA template? - AnswerTranscription What term describes the creation of a polypeptide from a RNA template? - AnswerTranslation What is the anatomical name for oil glands? - Answer- Sebaceous glands What specific type of sweat gland is indirectly responsible for body odor after puberty? - Answer- Apocrine glands What mode of secretion do oil glands use? - Answer- Holocrine secretion What mode of secretion is only used by your oil glands? - Answer- Holocrine secretion What term describes bringing liquid substances into the cell via vesicles? - AnswerPinocytosis How many named bones are there in the human body? - Answer- 206 How many named bones are there in the axial skeleton? - Answer- 80 How many named bones are there in the appendicular skeleton? - Answer- 126 How many named bones are there in the skull (auditory ossicles included)? - Answer- 28 How many named bones are there in the cranium?... 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