AP GOVERNMENT Study Guide 2022-2023

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Party Caucus (modern) - One way for a state party to select delegates to send to the National Convention. Consists of a series of meetings (local, county, state) among party members (no "open caucus... es"). Affirmative Action - Government or business policies favoring a historically disadvantaged minority group (university admissions, hiring decisions); raises 14th Amendment equal protection problems (reverse discrimination); limited by Bakke v. University of California (race can be "plus factor" in admissions but no racial quota system) Campaign Tactics - Mobilize party base (ideologues) Focus on key interest groups (group benefit voters) Focus on candidate's personality / experience (image voters) Spin the last four years (retrospective / nature-of-the-times voters) Attack Ad - Negative ad attacking opposing candidate (ex., swift boat veterans, willie horton); proliferating with independent SuperPAC spending (you ain't seen nothin' yet!) Bush v. Gore - 5-4 Supreme Court declared that Florida vote recount violated equal protection clause (some votes would be examined more closely than others); ended Gore's challenge to 2000 election results. Power of judicial review (effectively decided 2000 election).527 Organization - An independent organization set up to influence the outcome of an election; can receive unlimited "soft money" donations but cannot directly advocate for a particular candidate or have any connection to a candidate. Rendered obsolete by Citizens United. Baker v. Carr - Equal protection clause requires "one man, one vote" principle for redistricting (legislative districts must be roughly equal in population) [Show More]

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