CLB 023 - Defense Acquisition University/ Clb023 Software Cost Estimating Test fall 2022/2023

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Clb023 Software Cost Estimating 1) Which of the following is NOT an example of a consideration for the Interfaces and Dependencies component of a software estimating plan? [Evaluate the appropriatenes... s and completeness of the estimating plan for a software estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] The command and control (C2) system being estimated must communicate with an existing Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system The estimate for a major Tier 2 subcontractor must include both hardware and software development Contractor engineers supporting operational test and evaluation (OT&E) will be included as part of the contractor estimate, but the government personnel conducting the tests much be included in the government staffing estimate The independent verification and validation (IV&V) of software is conducted under a separate contract and will be estimated as a separate cost element 2) True or False: If warranted, “risk dollars” may be a part of certain elements of the Program Work Breakdown Structure (PWBS). [Appraise the adequacy of the cost element structure (CES) for a software estimate] Fals e True 3) Which of the following assumptions would NOT be needed when estimating software development effort? [Develop a set of ground rules and assumptions (GR&A) for a software estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] The base year for estimation dollars The time available for the development The degree of code reuse The level of proficiency of the software developer 4) Which of the following is NOT typically captured by a Software Resources Data Report (SRDR)? [Compare various sources of software data] [Remediation Accessed :N] Labor categories and labor Clb023 Software Cost Estimating rates Software size Development schedule Labor resources for software development Software quality 5) Data points to support parametric software estimates model should be analyzed to ensure they are [Recommend appropriate data normalization steps to support software cost estimates] [Remediation Accessed :N] homogeneous and comparable to the new system’s parameters heterogeneous and comparable to the new system’s parameters homogeneous and significantly above the maximum of the new system’s parameters heterogeneous and significantly below the minimum of the new system’s parameters 6) Which of the following is least likely to have an impact on a SLOC/hr productivity metric? [Critique productivity as a commonly-cited software metric] [Remediation Accessed :N] Hours per standard labor month Experience level of the development staff Programming language used Complexity of software being developed 7) Which of the following is NOT a generally-accepted software sizing method? [Relate the primary software cost drivers to each other and to development cost] [Remediation Accessed :N] Clb023 Software Cost Estimating Language Points Source Lines of Code (SLOC) Function Points Object Points Story Points 8) Which of the following are NOT generally well-estimated via traditional SLOC-based methods for custom-developed software? [Evaluate the use of parametric, analogy, and other techniques in software cost estimating] COTS software integration, database development, and ERP system implementation COTS software integration only Database development only ERP system implementation only COTS software integration and ERP system implementation only 9) Parametric estimating is a process consisting of these steps: [Summarize the use of cost estimating relationships (CERs) and schedule estimating relationships (SERs) in software estimating] collect data; identify cost drivers; develop cost estimating relationships; build a parametric model build a parametric model; collect data; identify cost drivers; develop cost estimating relationships collect data; perform a comparative analysis; apply cost factors collect data; perform a comparative analysis; apply Clb023 Software Cost Estimating adjustment factors 10) A major disadvantage of off-the-shelf cost estimating models is [Critique the use of off-the-shelf (OTS) models for software estimating] [Remediation Accessed :N] limited insight into the process applied to derive the estimate and the underlying data sets cost of the license required to use the model and keeping up with the latest revisions to the model use of function points rather than source lines of code use of object-oriented design techniques rather than traditional methods such as waterfall and spiral development 11) A software development effort was estimated to address 10 requirements, with 1K SLOC per requirement, a 60% ESLOC conversion factor, and 1.0 hrs/ESLOC productivity, for a total effort of 6,000 hours. Over the course of development, 2 additional requirements were added; 1.5K SLOC were needed to address each requirement; the ESLOC conversion factor rose to 80%; and final productivity was 1.1 hrs/ESLOC, resulting in a total effort of 15,840 hours. What was the cost growth factor due to Code Growth (independent of other factors)? [Summarize the key risk areas for software and how they might be reflected in the estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] 1.5 0 1.1 0 1.2 0 1.3 3 12) Estimating software development costs at high confidence is a multi-faceted process which includes assessment of [Compare the point estimate to the probabilistic estimate (S-curve) and support the reasonableness of the relative position of the former and range of the latter] all of these the characteristics of the program and program schedule constraints Clb023 Software Cost Estimating requirements maturity and stability level of known historical performance data 13) An independent life-cycle cost estimate prepared by the OSD CAPE is required for Acquisition Category IA programs. [Compare two distinct software estimates as part of the reconciliation process and consider the factors driving the differences between the two] True Fals e 14) Which of the following would NOT be a concern for the integrated master schedule (IMS) of a software development effort? [Consider appropriate time phasing for a software estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] Includes additional increments beyond Increment 1 Design precedes Requirements Finish for Code and Unit Test not linked to start for Software Integration and Test Documentation task missing Activities not tied to work breakdown structure (WBS) 15) Requirements uncertainty is exposed through the process of [Consider the application of sensitivity analysis to a software estimate by varying key parameters one at a time] sensitivity analysis risk analysis Cost As an Independent Variable (CAIV) Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) Clb023 Software Cost Estimating 16) Before an estimate can be considered complete, every task or element in the Program Work Breakdown Structure (PWBS) needs to be checked to ensure it has __. [Appraise software estimate documentation for its sufficiency in areas such as traceability, replicability, and reasonableness] a cost estimate and schedule manpower requirements properly assigned a name and WBS level number a person assigned to oversee the task 17) Which of the following pairs of updates and how the estimate would be adjusted to reflect them are mismatched? [Critique a software estimate as to whether it has been adjusted to reflect updates, including both changes in the program baseline and the latest actual data] A hoped-for reuse source is found not to be applicable, and ESLOC totals are adjusted downward. A new Forward Pricing Rate Agreement (FPRA) is released, and the labor rates used to dollarize the software development effort are updated accordingly. Actual SLOC counts and effort totals for completed CSCIs are used to update productivity factors used to estimate the hours for future CSCIs. A fourth increment is added, and part of the SLOC and the corresponding effort from Increment 3 are moved into Increment 4. 18) The Estimate At Completion (EAC) of the contract is normally associated with this system. [Consider the purpose of a software estimate and its impact on the development of the estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] Earned Value Management System (EVMS) Cost As an Independent Variable (CAIV) Contractor Financial Management System Consolidated Acquisition Reporting System (CARS) Clb023 Software Cost Estimating 19) Cost-risk to the Government is highest with this type of contract [Summarize the key components of the baseline for a software-intensive system given program documentation such as a Cost Analysis Requirements Description (CARD)] [Remediation Accessed :N] Cost Plus Fixed Fee Firm Fixed Price Cost Plus Incentive Fee Fixed Price Incentive 1) Which of the following is NOT an example of a relevant consideration for the Staffing component of a software estimating plan? [Evaluate the appropriateness and completeness of the estimating plan for a software estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] Janice, the Program Manager (PM), is rotating off the program soon for a new assignment Paul, the organization’s software cost estimating expert, is currently matrixed to three other programs and will only have limited availability Kyle, a software cost analyst, is due for periodic refresher training in support of his Function Point counting certification Kirsten, a software engineer, is familiar with several comparable historical projects in a Unix/C++ development environment, but she is unfamiliar with examples in the Windows/Java environment planned for the new project 2) In the context of software cost estimating, requirements volatility is defined as [Develop a set of ground rules and assumptions (GR&A) for a software estimate] An assumption of how much requirements will grow before the software development is completed The probability that requirements will change before the software is completely fielded to all units A technique to avoid growth in source lines of code Clb023 Software Cost Estimating A method for estimating the growth in source lines of code 3) Data sources for software cost estimates include [Compare various sources of software data] CARD, CFSR, CPR, and CSSR CCA, ICE, LCCE, and POE ICD, CDD, and CPD AoA and EA 4) Data should be normalized so as to be consistent and comparable. In other words, data must be [Recommend appropriate data normalization steps to support software cost estimates] [Remediation Accessed :N] put into the same units and adjusted for consistent content (development activities) arranged so that the data points ascend from lowest to highest adjusted to remove all explainable outlying data points transformed to account for statistical variation 5) For projects of comparable size, Developer A has a productivity of 150 SLOC/PM, while Developer B has a productivity of 1.1 hrs/SLOC. If the standard labor month for Developer A is 165 hours and for Developer B is 180 hours, how do their productivities compare? [Critique productivity as a commonly-cited software metric] [Remediation Accessed :N] They are equal Developer A is better Developer B is better Clb023 Software Cost Estimating Not enough information 6) Which of the following COCOMO Effort Multipliers does NOT relate to the Complexity of the software being developed? [Relate the primary software cost drivers to each other and to development cost] [Remediation Accessed :N] Personnel Continuity (PCON) Required Software Reliability (RELY) Database Size (DATA) Execution Time Constraint (TIME) Platform Volatility (PVOL) 7) Prior to use, all off-the-shelf cost estimating models must be [Critique the use of offthe-shelf (OTS) models for software estimating] Calibrate d Eliminate d Conjugate d Consolidat ed 8) A software development effort was estimated to address 10 requirements, with 1K SLOC per requirement, a 60% ESLOC conversion factor, and 1.0 hrs/ESLOC productivity, for a total effort of 6,000 hours. Over the course of development, 2 additional requirements were added; 1.5K SLOC were needed to address each requirement; the ESLOC conversion factor rose to 80%; and final productivity was 1.1 hrs/ESLOC, resulting in a total effort of 15,840 hours. What was the cost growth factor due to Requirements Creep (independent of other factors)? [Summarize the key risk areas for software and how they might be reflected in the estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] 1.2 0 Clb023 Software Cost Estimating 1.1 0 1.3 3 1.5 0 9) If a software development project is estimated to take 24 calendar months and require a total effort of 96 person-months, then what is the average staffing level? [Consider appropriate time phasing for a software estimate] 4 full-time equivalents (FTE) 2 full-time equivalents (FTE) 8 full-time equivalents (FTE) Not enough information 10) This cost estimate is required for Major Automated Information System (MAIS) acquisition programs at Milestone A, B, and the full-rate production decision (or their equivalent). [Consider the purpose of a software estimate and its impact on the development of the estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] Economic Analysis Parametric Cost Estimate Analysis of Alternatives Independent Cost Estimate 11) The contract type is determined by the [Summarize the key components of the baseline for a software-intensive system given program documentation such as a Cost Analysis Requirements Description (CARD)] [Remediation Accessed :N] contracting officer Clb023 Software Cost Estimating program manager DODD 5000.1 and DODI 5000.2 Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 1) Which of the following is NOT an example of a relevant consideration for the Requirements component of a software estimating plan? [Evaluate the appropriateness and completeness of the estimating plan for a software estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] The lead software development contractor plans to make extensive use of code libraries The Economic Analysis (EA) for a Major Automated Information System (MAIS) must include cost estimates for all alternatives under consideration, including custom-developed vs. COTS software The Program Office Estimate (POE) must substantiate the budget request for Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) funds for software development Updated estimates must justify control account budgets to be presented at the Integrated Baseline Review (IBR), including support functions such as Configuration Management (CM) 2) Which of the following normalization steps would NOT be necessary to ensure comparable software development effort between Developer A and Developer B? [Recommend appropriate data normalization steps to support software cost estimates] [Remediation Accessed :N] Developer A’s labor rate is $120/hour, and Developer B’s is $100/hour, so multiply Developer A’s hours by 1.2 Developer A’s hours include configuration management (CM) and quality assurance (QA), which are about 10% of the total effort, but Developer B’s do not, so multiply Developer B’s hours by 1.11 Developer A uses a standard labor month of 165 hours, but Developer B uses 180 hours, so multiply Developer B’s labor months by 1.09 Developer A worked 10% uncompensated overtime, but B did not, so multiply Developer A’s hours by 1.1 Clb023 Software Cost Estimating 3) Which of the following is NOT a valid critique of using a simple productivity factor to estimate software development effort? [Critique productivity as a commonly-cited software metric] [Remediation Accessed :N] Difficult to use Takes into account neither economies nor diseconomies of scale Ignores fixed costs Unclear how to handle auto-generated code 4) DoD requires that software contractors be able to perform at Software Acquisition Capability Maturity Model Level 3 to qualify for work on software development in an ACATI program. This means that their software develop process is characterized by [Relate the primary software cost drivers to each other and to development cost] [Remediation Accessed :N] A defined, proactive approach to deficiencies A quantitatively managed approach to deficiencies An optimized, continuous process improvement approach A managed but reactive approach to deficiencies 5) A software development effort was estimated to address 10 requirements, with 1K SLOC per requirement, a 60% ESLOC conversion factor, and 1.0 hrs/ESLOC productivity, for a total effort of 6,000 hours. Over the course of development, 2 additional requirements were added; 1.5K SLOC were needed to address each requirement; the ESLOC conversion factor rose to 80%; and final productivity was 1.1 hrs/ESLOC, resulting in a total effort of 15,840 hours. What was the cost growth factor due to Reuse Optimism (independent of other factors)? [Summarize the key risk areas for software and how they might be reflected in the estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] 1.3 3 1.1 0 1.2 Clb023 Software Cost Estimating 0 1.5 0 6) The Economic Analysis required for a Major Automated Information Systems (MAIS) is reviewed and assessed prior to the OIPT and ITAB by this office [Consider the purpose of a software estimate and its impact on the development of the estimate] OSD(PA&E ) USD(AT&L ) ASD(NII) USD(C ) 7) The Cost Analysis Requirements Description should NOT be prepared by this individual. [Summarize the key components of the baseline for a software-intensive system given program documentation such as a Cost Analysis Requirements Description (CARD)] [Remediation Accessed :N] Cost Analyst Systems Engineer Program Manager Software Engineer 1) Which of the following is NOT an example of a consideration for the Interfaces and Dependencies component of a software estimating plan? [Evaluate the appropriateness and completeness of the estimating plan for a software estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] The command and control (C2) system being estimated must communicate with an existing Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system The estimate for a major Tier 2 subcontractor must include both hardware and Clb023 Software Cost Estimating software development Contractor engineers supporting operational test and evaluation (OT&E) will be included as part of the contractor estimate, but the government personnel conducting the tests much be included in the government staffing estimate The independent verification and validation (IV&V) of software is conducted under a separate contract and will be estimated as a separate cost element 2) Data points to support parametric software estimates model should be analyzed to ensure they are [Recommend appropriate data normalization steps to support software cost estimates] [Remediation Accessed :N] homogeneous and comparable to the new system’s parameters heterogeneous and comparable to the new system’s parameters homogeneous and significantly above the maximum of the new system’s parameters heterogeneous and significantly below the minimum of the new system’s parameters 3) Which of the following is least likely to have an impact on a SLOC/hr productivity metric? [Critique productivity as a commonly-cited software metric] [Remediation Accessed :N] Hours per standard labor month Experience level of the development staff Programming language used Complexity of software being developed 4) Which of the following COCOMO Effort Multipliers does NOT relate to the Complexity of the software being developed? [Relate the primary software cost drivers to each other and to development cost] [Remediation Accessed :N] Personnel Continuity (PCON) Clb023 Software Cost Estimating Required Software Reliability (RELY) Database Size (DATA) Execution Time Constraint (TIME) Platform Volatility (PVOL) 5) A software development effort was estimated to address 10 requirements, with 1K SLOC per requirement, a 60% ESLOC conversion factor, and 1.0 hrs/ESLOC productivity, for a total effort of 6,000 hours. Over the course of development, 2 additional requirements were added; 1.5K SLOC were needed to address each requirement; the ESLOC conversion factor rose to 80%; and final productivity was 1.1 hrs/ESLOC, resulting in a total effort of 15,840 hours. What was the cost growth factor due to Code Growth (independent of other factors)? [Summarize the key risk areas for software and how they might be reflected in the estimate] [Remediation Accessed :N] 1.5 0 1.1 0 1.2 0 1.3 3 6) Which of the following is NOT an appropriate Cost Analysis Requirements Description (CARD) input related to the guidance software of the new AGM-456 missile? [Summarize the key components of the baseline for a software-intensive system given program documentation such as a Cost Analysis Requirements Description (CARD)] [Remediation Accessed :N] Section 5.0 System Manpower Requirements indicates that a peak development staff of 20 software engineers will be required Section 1.1.3 System Configuration shows the Guidance Software at Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) element 1.1.4.4, under parent 1.1.4 Guidance and grandparent 1.1 Air Vehicle, following MIL-STD-881C Appendix C Missile Systems Section 1.5 Predecessor and/or Reference System indicates that the guidance software will be modeled on that of the fielded AGM-123 missile Clb023 Software Cost Estimating Section 8.0 Acquisition Plan and/or Strategy indicates that Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF) contracts will be awarded to two contractors for competing designs during Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) Section 9.0 System Development Plan describes planned reuse of guidance software from both the AGM-123 program and the AGM-456 Technology Development (TD) phase 1) Which of the following is NOT an example of a consideration for the Interfaces and Dependencies component of a software estimating plan? [Evaluate the appropriateness and completeness of the estimating plan for a software estimate] The command and control (C2) system being estimated must communicate with an existing Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system The estimate for a major Tier 2 subcontractor must include both hardware and software development Contractor engineers supporting operational test and evaluation (OT&E) will be included as part of the contractor estimate, but the government personnel conducting the tests much be included in the government staffing estimate The independent verification and validation (IV&V) of software is conducted under a separate contract and will be estimated as a separate cost element 2) Data points to support parametric software estimates model should be analyzed to ensure they are [Recommend appropriate data normalization steps to support software cost estimates] [Remediation Accessed :N] homogeneous and comparable to the new system’s parameters heterogeneous and comparable to the new system’s parameters homogeneous and significantly above the maximum of the new system’s parameters heterogeneous and significantly below the minimum of the new system’s parameters 3) For projects of comparable size, Developer A has a productivity of 150 SLOC/PM, while Developer B has a productivity of 1.1 hrs/SLOC. If the standard labor month for Developer A is 165 hours and for Developer B is 180 hours, how do their productivities Clb023 Software Cost Estimating compare? [Critique productivity as a commonly-cited software metric] They are equal Developer A is better Developer B is better Not enough information 4) Which of the following COCOMO Effort Multipliers does NOT relate to the Complexity of the software being developed? [Relate the primary software cost drivers to each other and to development cost] [Remediation Accessed :N] Personnel Continuity (PCON) Required Software Reliability (RELY) Database Size (DATA) Execution Time Constraint (TIME) Platform Volatility (PVOL) 5) A software development effort was estimated to address 10 requirements, with 1K SLOC per requirement, a 60% ESLOC conversion factor, and 1.0 hrs/ESLOC productivity, for a total effort of 6,000 hours. Over the course of development, 2 additional requirements were added; 1.5K SLOC were needed to address each requirement; the ESLOC conversion factor rose to 80%; and final productivity was 1.1 hrs/ESLOC, resulting in a total effort of 15,840 hours. What was the cost growth factor due to Code Growth (independent of other factors)? [Summarize the key risk areas for software and how they might be reflected in the estimate] 1.5 0 1.1 0 1.2 Clb023 Software Cost Estimating 0 1.3 3 6) The Cost Analysis Requirements Description describes the complete program and is prepared by this organization. [Summarize the key components of the baseline for a softwareintensive system given program documentation such as a Cost Analysis Requirements Description (CARD)] Program Management Office Service Cost Center OSD Cost Analysis and Program Evaluation USD(AT&L ) 1) Which of the following normalization steps would NOT be necessary to ensure comparable software development effort between Developer A and Developer B? [Recommend appropriate data normalization steps to support software cost estimates] Developer A’s labor rate is $120/hour, and Developer B’s is $100/hour, so multiply Developer A’s hours by 1.2 Developer A’s hours include configuration management (CM) and quality assurance (QA), which are about 10% of the total effort, but Developer B’s do not, so multiply Developer B’s hours by 1.11 Developer A uses a standard labor month of 165 hours, but Developer B uses 180 hours, so multiply Developer B’s labor months by 1.09 Developer A worked 10% uncompensated overtime, but B did not, so multiply Developer A’s hours by 1.1 2) Which of the following COCOMO Effort Multipliers does NOT relate to the Complexity of the software being developed? [Relate the primary software cost drivers to each other and to development cost] Personnel Continuity (PCON) Clb023 Software Cost Estimating Required Software Reliability (RELY) Database Size (DATA) Execution Time Constraint (TIME) Platform Volatility (PVOL) [Show More]

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