HESI Fundamentals Practice Exam 2022 Questions and Answers

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The practical nurse (PN) is assessing a client with dark skin who is in respiratory distress. Which client response should the PN evaluate to determine cyanosis in the client? - ANSWER The lips and mu... cous membranes of a client with dark skin are dusky in color. Which technique should the practical nurse (PN) use to most accurately assess a client's baseline blood pressure during a routine health examination? - ANSWER Measure the pressure in each arm while the client sits with the arm supported at heart level. A client with gastroenteritis, nausea, and vomiting is currently on "Nothing by mouth(NPO)" status. The healthcare provider prescribes oral intake to be advanced as tolerated. Which fluid should the practical nurse offer first? - ANSWER Water. An older client who is admitted to the hospital with dehydration and electrolyte imbalance is confused and incontinent of urine. Which action provides the best strategy for the practical nurse (PN) to implement for the client's incontinence? - ANSWER Establish a 2-hour voiding schedule. Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections in a client with an indwelling catheter? - ANSWER Cleanse perineum area with soap and water BID and PRN. A male client is upset with the healthcare provider's recommendation that he should consent to an above-knee amputation. He tells the practical nurse (PN). "If they want to cut off my leg,they should just shoot me instead." How should the PN respond? - ANSWER Ask the client how the surgery might effect his lifestyle. A client with cancer who has been taking opioid analgesics for two years now requires increased doses to obtain pain relief. The client expresses fear about becoming addicted to these drugs. What information should the practical nurse (PN) provide? - ANSWER Prescribed opiates for cancer pain relief improve quality of life. Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement to help a client cope effectively with chronic pain? - ANSWER Encourage using relaxation techniques. A young woman who is the primary caregiver for her mother who has Alzheimer's disease tells the practical nurse (PN). "Sometimes I hate my mother for living this long and my Dad for dying and not caring for her." What response should the PN offer? - ANSWER What do you do to cope with these feelings?" A male Native American client with tuberculosis is visiting a health care clinic for follow up treatment. During the interview, the practical nurse (PN) notices that the client keeps his eyes on the floor and does not make eye contact. How should the PN interpret this client's behavior? - ANSWER His culture finds sustained eye contact rude or disrespectful. The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client who is admitted with influenza and vomiting for 3 days. The client's skin turgor is poor and oral mucous membranes are dry. Which finding is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to report to the charge nure? - ANSWER Hypotension and tachaycardia. The practical nurse (PN) is assisting a client plan a balanced vegetarian diet that provides the highest in protein quality. Which selection should the PN recommend to the client? - ANSWER Soybeans. A client is receiving a continuous tube feeding. While checking the gastric residual volume, the practical nurse (PN) aspirates 150ml of gastric contents. What action should the PN take? - ANSWER Return all the aspirated contents to the stomach followed with water and consult the agency policy. During insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) into the right nares, the client starts to cough. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement? - ANSWER Withdraw the NGT to the oral pharynx, repostion client's head and reinsert. The practical nurse (PN) observes a client who begins to choke during a meal. After determining that the client cannot speak, what action should the PN implement? - ANSWER Place a fist halfway between the xiphoid process and umbilicus. An older male client who is incontinent receives a prescription for a condom (external) catheter. Which step(s) should the practical nurse implement when applying the external catheter? (select all that apply.) - ANSWER A. Wrap the adhesive strip in a spiral around the penis. C. Apply skin prep to the penile shaft and allow to dry. D. Leave 1 to 2 inches between the tip of the penis and condom catheter. The practical nurse (PN) is irrigating a client's indwelling urinary catheter. After injecting sterile solution as prescribed, what action should the PN implement? - ANSWER Unclamp the tubing and lower the collection bag. A client's indwelling urinary catheter is removed at 9:30 AM. The practical nurse (PN) assesses the client every two hours for the desire to void. Which documented assessment requires further intervention by the PN? - ANSWER 5:30 pm: unable to void. The healthcare provider prescribes a cleansing enema for an adult prior to bowel surgery. Which intervention(s) should the practical nurse implement to ensure adequate bowel cleansing? (select all that apply.) - ANSWER Place the client on the left side in Sim's position. Use enema fluid that is near 105 F (40.4 C). Instill 500 mL to 1,000 mL fluids slowly. Raise the enema container 20 inches above anus. Encourage the client to retain fluid 10 to 15 minutes. Which position is best for the practical nurse to place the client in during administration of a rectal suppository for constipation? - ANSWER Left Sim's position with upper leg flexed The practical nurse (PN) is adding tap water to several medications for administration via feeding tube. Which preparation should the PN administer without delay? - ANSWER Timed release capsule. What action should the practical nurse (PN) take when drawing medication from an ampule? - ANSWER Aspirate with a filter needle and syringe. The practical nurse (PN) is preparing to reconstitute a drug from powder form for IM administration. Which step should the PN implemented first? - ANSWER Verify the drug with the medication administration record. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement when administering a subcutaneous injection to a client who weighs 325 pounds? - ANSWER Select a needle with a longer shaft. Which finding indicates to the practical nurse (PN) that an older client who is receiving intravenous therapy is experiencing fluid overload? - ANSWER Crackles in the lung fields. The practical nurse (PN) is checking the surgical dressing for a client who arrived on the postoperative unit an hour ago. The dressing has an increase in the accumulation of serosanguinous drainage. What nursing action should the PN take? - ANSWER Mark the outlined area of drainage with date, time and initials. A male client who is 2 days postoperative for exploratory abdominal surgery is ambulating in the practical nurse (PN). The client tells the PN, " I think something in my incision just let go." Which action should the PN implement first? - ANSWER Assist the client to a supine position. The practical nurse (PN) is applying a dry, sterile dressing to a client's abdominal wound. Which allergy should the PN verify with the client? - ANSWER Tape The practical nurse (PN) is changing a postoperative dressing for a client with a horizontal lower abdominal incision. What method should the PN use to remove the tape from the dressing? - ANSWER Remove all four sides by moving to the center of the incision. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) follow when applying an elasticized bandage to a client's leg - ANSWER Overlap turns of the bandage equally. An older client who has been on bed rest is not eating well and is exhibiting abdominal distension, cramping, and is passing small amounts of liquid stool. Which prescribed action is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to implement? - ANSWER Digitally remove a fecal impaction. Acetaminophen is prescribed for an unconscious client with a temperature of 104 F. Which route should the practical nurse (PN) plan to administer this medication? - ANSWER Rectal. An older client who complains of dry mouth is having trouble swallowing pills. What action should the practical nurse take when administering an enteric-coated tablet? - ANSWER Place the whole tablet in a spoonful of pudding. An older client who is unable to swallow is receiving continuous nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding. Before administering medications through the NGT, what action should the practical nurse (PN) implement? - ANSWER Flush the feeding tube with water. The practical nurse (PN) is preparing an intramuscular injection for a client who is 5 feet tall and weighs 90 pounds. Which needle size should the PN select for a 3-ml syringe when using the IM ventrogluteal injection site? - ANSWER 1-inch The practical nurse (PN) obtains an elevated blood pressure reading for an older male client who is alert. When the PN offers the client his morning blood pressure medication, he refuses to take it. What action should the PN take? - ANSWER Explain the importance of routine use of antihypertensives. An older female states that the medication tablet brought in a cup looks different from the tablet that she takes at home. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) take? - ANSWER Check the written prescription to verify the medication. While taking an adult's vital signs, the practical nurse (PN) notes an irregular radial pulse. What action should the PN implement to obtain the most accurate assessment? - ANSWER perform an apical-radial pulse assessment with another nurse. The practical nurse (PN) contacts the healthcare provider about an older client who is agitated and aggressive with the staff. Which reason should the PN use to request a prescription for wrist restraints? - ANSWER To ensure the client's safety when the benefits outweigh the risk. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement when supporting an older client who is afraid of dying? - ANSWER Use open-ended questions to encourage the client to share feelings. A family member of a dying client asks the practical nurser (PN) if the client knows the family is at the bedside. The PN explains that which of the five senses persists the longest during the dying process? - ANSWER Hearing. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement to help a male client cope with his fear as he approaches death? - ANSWER Hold the client's hand and tell him he is not alone. An older client is receiving nasogastric tube (NGT) feedings for several days. Which finding should the practical nurse (PN) report to the healthcare provider? - ANSWER Abdominal distention and nausea. The practical nurse (PN) is caring for an older client who is NPO after surgery. The client complains that his mouth and mucous membranes are dry. Which intervention should the PN implement to increase the client's comfort? - ANSWER Perform oral hygiene frequently. The practical nurse (PN) is giving oral care to an older female client with tender gums that bleed easily because of a medication she is taking. What intervention should the PN implement? - ANSWER Obtain a soft-bristle brush for the client. Which time frame should the practical nurse (PN) reposition a client? - ANSWER Every 2 hours. An older male client tells the practical nurse (PN) that his religion does not permit him to bathe daily. How should the PN respond? - ANSWER Request that the client clarify his religious beliefs about bathing. An older male client who is sedentary complains of not having a formed bowel movement in four days and tells the practical nurse (PN) that he feels rectal pressure and has a constant headache. The PN determines the client is having frequent small, liquid stools. Which nursing action should the PN take? - ANSWER Digitally assess for impacted stool. The practical nurse (PN) is obtaining information for a male client's psychosocial assessment. Which action should the PN implement first? - ANSWER Establish a therapeutic relationship. Which food should the practical nurse (PN) recommend for a client to increase the dietary intake of potassium? - ANSWER Baked potato. [Show More]

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