2022/2023 Limited scope of radiography practice exam (Radiography essentials for limited practice fourth edition)

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what statements are correct regarding the link between radiation and genetic effects - ANSWER The link has been demonstrated in animal studies . Increased risk to humans cannot be predicted with resp... ect to an individual. The changes in kilovoltage (kVp) will result in the greatest reduction of patient dose, when milliampere-seconds (mAs) is adjusted to compensate for the change - ANSWER Increase kVp by 30% The following image receptor (IR) system speeds will result in the lowest patient dose - ANSWER Faster speed IR system The primary purpose of using gonad shields - ANSWER reduce the likelihood of genetic effects Are gonad shields - ANSWER Contact and shadow gonad shielding should be used - ANSWER when the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation field the greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the limited operator is - ANSWER repeat exposures the limited operator can reduce repeat exposure - ANSWER clearly instructing patients how does the x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure - ANSWER it limits the radiation field to the area of interest what is the device that allows the limited operator to vary the size of the radiation field - ANSWER collimator how does filtration reduce patient exposure - ANSWER removes longer-wavelength photons The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements(NCRP) recommendation for the amount of total filtration - ANSWER 2.5 mm Al equiv Three principal methods used to protect limited operators from unnecessary radiation exposure - ANSWER time, distance, and shielding The following is not a type of personal radiation shielding - ANSWER Shadow personnel shielding must be worn on the rare occasion during which the limited operator may need to remain in the radiographic room during an exposure to assist the patient in maintaining the proper position. What is the source of the greatest radiation hazard under this circumstance.? - ANSWER scattered radiation from the patient the term for radiation the escapes from the x-ray tube housing - ANSWER leakage radiation why are limited operators prohibited from activities that result in direct exposure to the primary x-ray beam - ANSWER they are considered occupationally exposed individuals distance, as a method used to limit operator exposure, means that - ANSWER the operator should maximize the distance from the source during an exposure shielding worn for personnel protection is designed to attenuate what source of exposure - ANSWER scatter radiation the acronym for a common type of personnel dosimeter - ANSWER TLD What is the recommended placement for personnel dosimeter on the body of the limited operator - ANSWER the badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the anterior surface of the body and outside the lead apron, if worn The NCRP recommended annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure - ANSWER 5.0 rem (0.05 Sv) The NCRP recommended monthly effective (or equivalent) dose limit to the fetus for a pregnant worker - ANSWER 0.05 rem (0.0005 Sv) Radiation monitoring of personnel is required when what percentage of the annual occupational effective dose limit is likely to be received - ANSWER 10% The conventional (British system) radiation unit to express radiation intensity in the air - ANSWER Roentgen The conventional (British system) unit commonly used to report occupational dose to radiation workers in the United States is the - ANSWER rem What is the conventional (British system) radiation unit of absorbed dose - ANSWER Rad According to the Bergonie-Tribondeau law, the following types of cells are most radiosensitive - ANSWER embryonic tissue cells Type of x-ray photon interaction with the body is primarily responsible for the radiation dose absorbed by the patient - ANSWER Photoelectric The NCRP (report #102) recommendation for lead equivalency of aprons used for personnel protection - ANSWER 0.5 mm Erythema as it relates to radiation exposure - ANSWER reddening of the skin caused by a high radiation dose The guiding philosophy of radiation protection - ANSWER ALARA--as low as reasonably achievable The following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic levels of ionizing radiation - ANSWER There is an increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts The following changes will decrease patient dose - ANSWER using a faster-speed class imaging system increasing the grid ratio to a 16:1 ratio When radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy, the greatest risk of birth defects occurs when the exposure - ANSWER exceeds 5 rad to the uterus occurs within the first trimester of pregnancy At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur - ANSWER they occur throughout the diagnostic radiology kVp range The principal source of scatter radiation in radiography - ANSWER The IR The four essentials elements required for x-ray production - ANSWER A target, a vacuum, an electron source, and a high potential difference The greatest portion of the x-ray beam is made up of - ANSWER Bremsstrahlung radiation The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by varying the - ANSWER kilovoltage (kVp) The following functions involve the autotransformer - ANSWER kVp selection What is the IR that is used for computed radiography - ANSWER Photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate Nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use _________________ generators - ANSWER High-frequency The target of the x-ray tube is made of - ANSWER tungsten The standard control limit for the field light to radiation field alignment test - ANSWER +-2% of SID The standard control limit for the beam (central ray) alignment tests - ANSWER within 1 degree of perpendicular How often should lead aprons and gloves be checked for cracks or holes - ANSWER every 6 months how can detector fog be prevented when using computed radiography cassettes - ANSWER protect the cassette before and after exposure The following will result in increased radiographic density - ANSWER increased mA increased exposure time increased kVp If the radiographic image is overexposed, which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem - ANSWER decrease the mAs The relationship between SID and beam intensity is expressed in the - ANSWER inverse square law What are the four primary factors of radiographic quality ( photographic and geometric properties) - ANSWER Density, contrast, distortion, and recorded detail Contrast is primarily controlled by altering the - ANSWER kVp Scatter radiation fog affects radiographic quality by causing - ANSWER decreased contrast A change from the small focal spot to the large focal spot will result in - ANSWER decreased image sharpness (detail) An increase in object-image receptor distance (OID) will result in - ANSWER increased magnification motion of the patient, the tube, or the IR during the exposure will result in decreased - ANSWER recorded detail What does quantum mottle(noise) look like on a radiographic image - ANSWER finely speckled or grainy areas Quantum mottle with a digital imaging system is caused by - ANSWER the mAs being set too low The following will increase recorded detail - ANSWER increase in SID decrease in focal spot size What is the appearance of a high signal to noise ratio image - ANSWER highly detailed, with very little quantum mottle What is the proper method for storing unopened boxes of x-ray film - ANSWER standing on edge Which of the following describe the action of the developer in an automatic film processor - ANSWER changes the exposed silver halide crystals into black, metallic silver During digital image processing electronic collimation (masking) should not be used to replace - ANSWER proper radiographic collimation The following is not a component of a computed radiography plate reader - ANSWER developing solution What condition are most important for optimum viewing of a radiographic images - ANSWER low room light level Marks, exposures, or images on a radiograph that are not a part of the intended image are called - ANSWER artifacts If the amount of irradiated tissue increases, what happens to scatter radiation fog - ANSWER scatter radiation fog increases the most effective and practical way to reduce scatter radiation fog on a radiograph is to - ANSWER use a grid or Bucky As a general rule, a grid should be employed when the part thickness is greater than - ANSWER 12 cm Technique charts are based on patient part measurements obtained using an x-ray - ANSWER thickness in centimeters The following pathologic conditions would require a decrease in exposure - ANSWER multiple myeloma emphysema osteoporosis How will the anode heel effect, if present, be seen on an image? - ANSWER the image will be lighter on the anode end than on the cathode end [Show More]

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