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Application layer (OSI model) - ANS -Layer 7 of the OSI model, it provides application services to a network. An important, and an often-misunderstood concept, is that end-user applications do not res... ide at the application layer. Instead, the _____ layer supports services used by end-user applications. Another function of the _____ layer is advertising available services. Application layer (TCP/IP stack) - ANS -Addresses concepts described by Layers 5, 6, and 7 (that is, the session, presentation, and application layers) of the OSI model. Current state modulation - ANS -One way to electrically or optically represent a binary 1 or 0 is to use current state modulation, which represents a binary 1 with the presence of voltage (on a copper cable) or the presence of light (on a fiber-optic cable). Similarly, the absence of light or voltage represents a binary 0. Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) - ANS -A mathematical algorithm that is executed on a data string by both the sender and the receiver of the data string. If the calculated _____ values match, the receiver can conclude that the data string was not corrupted during transmission. Data link layer - ANS -As Layer 2 of the OSI model, this layer is concerned with the packaging of data into frames and transmitting those frames on a network, performing error detection/correction, uniquely identifying network devices with an address, and handling flow control. Internet layer - ANS -This layer of the TCP/IP stack maps to Layer 3 (network layer) of the OSI model. Although multiple routed protocols (for example, IPv4 and IPv6) may reside at the OSI model's network layer, the Internet layer of the TCP/IP stack focuses on IP as the protocol to be routed through a network. Network interface layer - ANS -The network interface layer of the TCP/IP stack (also known as the network access layer) encompasses the technologies addressed by Layers 1 and 2 (that is, the physical and data link layers) of the OSI model. Network layer - ANS -Layer 3 of the OSI model, it is primarily concerned with forwarding data based on logical addresses. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model - ANS -Commonly referred to as the OSI model or the OSI stack. This seven-layer model categorizes various network technologies. Physical layer - ANS -Layer 1 of the OSI model, it is concerned with the transmission of bits on a network. Presentation layer - ANS -Layer 6 of the OSI model, it is responsible for the formatting of data being exchanged and securing the data with encryption. [Show More]

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