BIOS 2150 Microbiology Review Questions & Answers

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Leading and lagging strands are always referring to the new DNA on the inside If this is a nucleotide that wants to join a new strand of DNA, which part joins the new strand? 5’ end (phosphate) W... hich part of the nucleotide is going to dock into the parent strand? 3’ nitrogen base Protein Synthesis – terminology • Recall that proteins are made of amino acids • Triplet - a series of 3 DNA nucleotides that code for 1 amino acid o If you stack a bunch of triplets together you create a gene • Gene – a long series of nucleotides in a chromosome that codes for 1 protein • The DNA molecule contains hundreds of genes • There is not room within the nucleic acid to create protein RNA (Section 10.3) • RNA’s job is to help DNA with protein synthesis • A molecule that assists DNA in protein synthesis • RNA = Ribonucleic acid • Contains the sugar ribose, and a phosphate group • The four bases are adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine • If RNA bonds to DNA o RNA – DNA o A – T o U – A o G – C o C – G • If RNA bonds to another RNA o A – U o U – A o G – C o C – G Check your understanding How do DNA and RNA differ structurally? In cells, RNA is single stranded (*right now); Uracil instead of thymine; sugar is different Messenger RNA (mRNA) Section 11.3 • Copies a DNA gene • This process is called DNA transcription • Each group of 3 mRNA bases is called a codon • RNA polymerase is the enzyme that builds mRNA [Show More]

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