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BUS 120 Exam 2 Review (RATED A) Which of the following would be considered employee involvement? a. A legally mandated union-management health and safety committee. b. A supervisor casually ask... ing an employee whether the company should adopt a new type of work schedule. c. A computer program that allows employees to submit information and ideas. d. An arrangement whereby employees elect two colleagues to the company's Board of Directors. e. All of these statements are considered employee involvement. Feedback The correct answer is: All of these statements are considered employee involvement. Which of these statements is TRUE? a. All groups are teams. b. Groups are teams with a high level of task interdependence. c. Unlike teams, groups are associated with an organizational objective. d. Some groups are just people assembled together in the same physical area. e. Groups are teams that have no purpose for their members. Feedback The correct answer is: Some groups are just people assembled together in the same physical area. Some writers argue that the ONLY way that companies can effectively manage stress is by: a. firing employees who complain that they are stressed. b. removing the stressors that cause unnecessary tension and burnout. c. providing programs that make employees more 'stress-fit'. d. changing all work-life initiatives into family-friendly initiatives. e. offering employee assistance programs. Feedback The correct answer is: removing the stressors that cause unnecessary tension and burnout. Compared with non-workaholics, classic workaholics usually experience: a. lower career satisfaction. b. more anxiety. c. higher job burnout d. more health complaints. e. all of these problems. Feedback The correct answer is: all of these problems. The team development model does NOT recognize that: a. some teams remain in a particular stage longer than others. b. informal groups do not experience any development process. c. teams really never develop past the norming stage. d. the storming stage is a type of performing. e. the storming stage follows the forming stage. Feedback The correct answer is: some teams remain in a particular stage longer than others. Self-monitoring and designing natural rewards are both: a. constructive thought pattern practices b. forms of job specialization c. discouraged by organizational behavior scholars d. part of the self-leadership process e. elements of competency-based rewards Feedback The correct answer is: part of the self-leadership process In terms of team size, the general rule is that teams: a. cannot have more than seven or possibly eight members. b. should have the fewest number of people possible to perform the work. c. can be large or small without any influence on the team's effectiveness. d. cannot have fewer than five members. e. should be as large as possible, but smaller than the entire organization. Feedback The correct answer is: should have the fewest number of people possible to perform the work. The extent to which task control is a stressor increases when employees also have: a. low responsibility. b. flexible work schedules. c. high responsibility. d. no duties involving monitoring equipment. e. supportive coworkers. Feedback The correct answer is: high responsibility. Which of these statements about empowerment is FALSE? a. Empowerment is a psychological concept representing more than one dimension. b. Empowerment is the same as employee involvement. c. Empowerment is not a personality trait. d. Empowerment is related to job enrichment. e. Empowerment is influenced by job characteristics. Feedback The correct answer is: Empowerment is the same as employee involvement. Feedback from social sources is generally better than from non-social sources when: a. the feedback is negative. b. employees want accurate information about their job performance. c. employees perform poorly and are easily offended by negative feedback. d. all of the above. e. none of the above. Feedback The correct answer is: none of the above. Which of the following is an individual incentive? a. Gainsharing plans b. Balanced scorecards c. Stock options d. Stock ownership e. None of the above Feedback The correct answer is: None of the above Compared to non-workaholics, Classic workaholics tend to experience: a. higher job satisfaction. b. higher work-related stress. c. higher job burnout d. more work/life balance. e. both 'higher work-related stress' and 'higher job burnout' Feedback The correct answer is: both 'higher work-related stress' and 'higher job burnout' Employee involvement is LESS valuable or successful when: a. decisions are programmed. b. employees are committed to decisions made by their bosses. c. employees have the same information as their bosses. d. employee norms conflict with organizational goals. e. all of the above conditions exist. Feedback The correct answer is: all of the above conditions exist. Through hard work, Gan lives comfortably without much financial debt. Now he wants to improve relations with colleagues and form stronger friendships. Which needs-based theory of motivation explains Gan's recent focus on his social needs? a. Four-drive theory b. Learned needs theory c. Needs hierarchy theory d. ERG theory e. Both 'C' and 'D' Feedback The correct answer is: Both 'C' and 'D' Decision structure, risk of conflict, and decision commitment are: a. three conditions required for bounded rationality. b. factors that support implicit favorites. c. contingencies of employee involvement. d. causes of escalating commitment. e. constraints of team decision making. Feedback The correct answer is: contingencies of employee involvement. A heterogeneous team is better than a homogeneous team: a. in situations involving complex problems requiring innovative solutions b. in situations where the team must reach the performing stage of team development quickly. c. in every organizational activity. d. never; heterogeneous teams are always less effective than homogeneous teams. Feedback The correct answer is: in situations involving complex problems requiring innovative solutions Pooled interdependence is: a. essential for team effectiveness. b. the same as reciprocal interdependence. c. the weakest form of interdependence other than complete independence. d. the best way to avoid social loafing e. None of these statements represents pooled interdependence. Feedback The correct answer is: the weakest form of interdependence other than complete independence. Which of the following statements about expectancy theory is FALSE? a. Expectancy theory is a drive-based theory of motivation. b. Expectancy theory has been applied to a wide variety of studies. c. The process of employee motivation is explained reasonably well by expectancy theory. d. One way to increase the P-to-O expectancy in the expectancy theory model is to accurately measure job performance. e. Expectancy theory has three main components relating to effort, performance and performance outcomes. Feedback The correct answer is: Expectancy theory is a drive-based theory of motivation. Psychological harassment includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. hostile or unwanted conduct. b. verbal comments that affect an employee's dignity c. actions or gestures that threaten an employee's psychological or physical integrity. d. workplace incivility. e. role conflict. Feedback The correct answer is: role conflict. Insight and verification are: a. two symptoms of groupthink. b. the first two stages of creativity. c. the two main differences between brainstorming and electronic brainstorming. d. the last two stages of the creative process. e. the first two stages of evaluation apprehension. Feedback The correct answer is: the last two stages of the creative process. According to equity theory: a. we compare ourselves with a comparison other only when we are certain that inequity exists. b. our comparison other never exists in real life. c. our comparison other is always someone in another organization. d. we choose people as comparison others only when we know that they receive fewer outcomes than we do. e. none of these statements is true. Feedback The correct answer is: none of these statements is true. Which of the following practices explicitly includes self-reinforcement? a. Self-leadership b. empowerment c. Job rotation d. Job enrichment e. None of the above Feedback The correct answer is: Self-leadership People who are 'equity sensitive' tend to: a. avoid having a comparison other. b. be tolerant of situations where they are under rewarded. c. have a low E-to-P expectancy. d. feel more comfortable in situations where they receive proportionately more than others. e. want their outcome/input ratio to be equal to the outcome/input ratio of the comparison other. Feedback The correct answer is: want their outcome/input ratio to be equal to the outcome/input ratio of the comparison other. The benefits of employee involvement increase with: a. the routineness and similarity of the problem or opportunity. b. management's knowledge of the situation. c. the standardization and repetitiveness of the problem or opportunity. d. the number and similarity of employees involved in the decision. e. the novelty and complexity of the problem or opportunity. Feedback The correct answer is: the novelty and complexity of the problem or opportunity. Which core job characteristics affect experienced responsibility for work outcomes? a. Feedback from job and skill variety b. Autonomy c. Skill variety, task identity and task significance d. Task identity e. All of the above Feedback The correct answer is: Autonomy In decision making, creativity is used: a. to find problems b. to identify alternatives c. to implement solutions more effectively d. to assist all stages of decision making. Correct e. never; creativity is not part of the decision-making process Feedback The correct answer is: to assist all stages of decision making. Organizations can improve creativity by: a. discouraging employees from making mistakes. b. encouraging employees to share information. Correct c. giving employees tight deadlines to develop new ideas. d. all of these statements are correct. e. none of these actions improve creativity. Feedback The correct answer is: encouraging employees to share information. A task force refers to: a. any informal group that has the same members as the permanent task-oriented group. b. any formal group whose members work permanently and most of their time in that team. c. any formal group whose members must be able to perform all tasks on the team. d. any temporary team that investigates a particular problem and typically disbands when the decision is made. Correct e. None of these statements describes a task force. Feedback The correct answer is: any temporary team that investigates a particular problem and typically disbands when the decision is made. Which of the following systematically evaluates the worth of each job within the organization? a. Job enlargement b. Job enrichment Incorrect c. Job evaluation d. Job rotation e. Companies do not use any procedure to systematically evaluate job worth Feedback The correct answer is: Job evaluation The adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's well-being is called: a. self-leadership. b. job burnout. Incorrect c. eutress. d. workaholism. e. stress. Feedback The correct answer is: stress. How is effective feedback related to an employee's task cycle (the time required to complete a typical task in the job)? a. Feedback should be received an average of three times within each task cycle. b. Employees with short task cycles usually need to receive feedback less often than employees with long task cycles. c. Employees with short task cycles should receive feedback more frequently than employees with long task cycles. Correct d. Employees with short task cycles should never receive feedback. e. Task cycles have no effect on effective feedback. Feedback The correct answer is: Employees with short task cycles should receive feedback more frequently than employees with long task cycles. The rational choice model of decision making begins with: a. evaluating alternatives b. recognizing and defining the problem Correct c. searching for alternatives d. implementing the solution e. searching for information about outcomes to each alternative Feedback The correct answer is: recognizing and defining the problem Systematically evaluating alternatives through careful measurement and calculation tends to minimize: a. satisficing b. reliance on an implicit favorite c. escalation of commitment d. reliance on the rational choice process. e. satisficing and reliance on an implicit favorite Correct Feedback The correct answer is: satisficing and reliance on an implicit favorite All of the following tend to increase the quality of work performed, EXCEPT: a. job enrichment. Incorrect b. job specialization. c. competency-based rewards. d. natural grouping of tasks into one job. e. empowerment. Feedback The correct answer is: job specialization. Which of the following is an individual incentive? a. Gainsharing plans b. Piece-rate plans c. Stock options d. Stock ownership e. None of the above Incorrect Feedback The correct answer is: Piece-rate plans Stress is best described as: a. the physiological disorders we experience from adverse environmental conditions. b. an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's wellbeing. c. a series of events that cause emotional exhaustion and cynicism towards customers. Incorrect d. environmental conditions that place a physical or emotional demand on the person. e. a behavior pattern of people with low risk of heart disease. Feedback The correct answer is: an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's wellbeing. Individualizing rewards enhances which expectancy theory component? a. performance expectancy b. E-to-O expectancy c. Valences of outcomes Correct d. E-to-P expectancy e. V-to-E outcomes Feedback The correct answer is: Valences of outcomes Employee involvement tends to have which of the following benefits in decision making? a. Leads to a more accurate definition of the problem. b. Improves the number and quality of alternative solutions. c. Increases the likelihood of selecting the best alternative. d. Strengthens employee commitment to the solution. e. All of these statements are correct. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: All of these statements are correct. Employees working in a department would be considered a team only when: a. they operate without any supervisor. b. everyone in the department has the same set of skills. c. they directly interact with each other and coordinate work activities. Correct d. they are all located in the same physical area. e. all of these conditions exist. Feedback The correct answer is: they directly interact with each other and coordinate work activities. Job status-based rewards: a. try to ensure that employees believe their pay is equitable compared to other people in the organization. b. motivate employees to compete for positions further up the organization. c. tend to encourage bureaucratic hierarchy. d. do all of the above. e. do only 'B' and 'C'. Incorrect Feedback The correct answer is: do all of the above. Emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced efficacy are characteristics of: a. eustress. b. job burnout. Correct c. hypertension. d. work-family conflict. e. workaholism. Feedback The correct answer is: job burnout. Team cohesiveness can be strengthened in each of the following ways EXCEPT: a. making the team just large enough to facilitate goal accomplishment. b. letting anyone become a team member. Correct c. creating or sensitizing the team to an external threat to its existence or goal accomplishment. d. ensuring that team members have compatible values and goals. e. showing members that the team is necessary to fulfill individual needs. Feedback The correct answer is: letting anyone become a team member. Compared with heterogeneous teams, homogeneous teams: a. become cohesive more easily. b. proceed through the team development process more quickly. c. experience less conflict with each other. d. experience better interpersonal relations. e. have all of these characteristics. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: have all of these characteristics. Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory led to more serious study of: a. performance-based rewards as a strategy to reduce employee turnover. b. job specialization as a strategy to improve job performance. c. lighting, noise and other working conditions that help employees to work harder. d. the effect of constructive thought patterns on employee behavior. e. job enrichment and the motivational potential job content. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: job enrichment and the motivational potential job content. Which of these statements about team norms is FALSE? a. Norms apply only to thoughts or feelings, not behaviors. Correct b. Team members often conform to prevailing norms without direct reinforcement or punishment from other team members. c. Some norms develop from a critical event in the team's history. d. Team norms are most strongly influenced by events soon after the team is formed. e. Some norms develop from the beliefs and values that members bring to the team. Feedback The correct answer is: Norms apply only to thoughts or feelings, not behaviors. Which of the following is considered a high-stress occupation? Select one: a. Car mechanic b. School principal c. Physician d. Forester e. Nurse Correct Feedback The correct answer is: Nurse Which of the following is an interpersonal stressor? a. Office politics b. Lack of authority to perform the job c. Performing more work than you are capable of performing d. Driving in hazardous conditions Incorrect e. None of these statements is correct Feedback The correct answer is: Office politics People with are more effective in many jobs requiring social interaction, but they tend to be less effective at allocating scarce resources. a. High nAch b. Low nPow c. High nPow d. Low nAff e. High nAff Correct Feedback The correct answer is: High nAff According to expectancy theory, a reward that is not wanted has: a. a high E-to-P expectancy. b. an inappropriate comparison other. c. a negative outcome valence. Correct d. a low P-to-O expectancy. e. a low need for socialized power. Feedback The correct answer is: a negative outcome valence. Through hard work, Gan lives comfortably without much financial debt. Now he wants to improve relations with colleagues and form stronger friendships. Which needs-based theory of motivation explains Gan's recent focus on his social needs? a. Four-drive theory b. Learned needs theory c. Needs hierarchy theory Incorrect d. ERG theory e. Both 'C' and 'D' Feedback The correct answer is: Both 'C' and 'D' In Maslow's needs hierarchy, the bottom four levels are collectively known as needs, whereas self- actualization is called a need. a. belongingness, infinite b. fictitious, factual c. deficiency, growth Correct d. subordinate, superordinate e. safety, reward Feedback The correct answer is: deficiency, growth Which theory most explicitly relies on emotions to explain employee motivation? a. Four-drive theory Correct b. Maslow's needs hierarchy c. Goal setting theory d. McClelland's learned needs theory e. Expectancy theory Feedback The correct answer is: Four-drive theory The rational choice model of decision making begins with: a. evaluating alternatives b. recognizing and defining the problem Correct c. searching for alternatives d. implementing the solution e. searching for information about outcomes to each alternative Feedback The correct answer is: recognizing and defining the problem Which of the following statements about teams and groups is FALSE? a. Some teams exist without any goal or purpose. Correct b. A team can have dozens of members. c. Departments are teams when employees interact with each other. d. All members of a work team have influence, although some may have more influence than others. e. A team always requires some form of communication among its members. Feedback The correct answer is: Some teams exist without any goal or purpose. The two types of need for power in learned needs theory are: a. personalized and socialized. Correct b. individual and team. c. corporate and political. d. high and low. e. monetary and non-monetary. Feedback The correct answer is: personalized and socialized. The optimal level of goal: a. occurs when the goal is challenging but not impossible. Correct b. is the most challenging goal that the company can possibly imagine. c. occurs only when employees set their own goal. d. is the point at which the employee does not yet think the goal will 'stretch' them at all. e. occurs only when both 'A' and 'C' exist. Feedback The correct answer is: occurs when the goal is challenging but not impossible. People who cope successfully in the face of significant change, adversity, or risk have: a. a Type A behavior pattern. b. a higher risk of job burnout. c. the general adaptation syndrome. d. a high level of job burnout. e. a high level of resilience. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: a high level of resilience. Which of the following tends to offer the most timely feedback for employee performance? a. Quarterly meeting your supervisor. b. 360-degree feedback report. c. Executive coaching session d. Customer survey results. e. None of the above provides feedback that is considered timely. Incorrect Feedback The correct answer is: Executive coaching session Establishing a preset level at which the decision is abandoned or re-evaluated is recommended mainly to: a. minimize reliance on an implicit favorite. b. avoid relying on mental models to recognize problems or opportunities. c. minimize escalation of commitment. Correct d. minimize problem identification. e. reduce the incidence of satisficing. Feedback The correct answer is: minimize escalation of commitment. Brook's Law says that adding more people to a late software project only makes it later. This law is mainly referring to: a. team cohesiveness. b. process losses. Correct c. team norms. d. team environment. e. informal teams. Feedback The correct answer is: process losses. Which of the following statements about 'high-stress' jobs is TRUE? a. Everyone in high-stress jobs experiences more stress than people in lower-stress jobs. b. No one has ever tried to identify which jobs are 'high stress'. c. High-stress jobs have more serious stressors than low-stress jobs. Correct d. High-stress jobs are less common today than 20 years ago. e. None of these statements is true. Feedback The correct answer is: High-stress jobs have more serious stressors than low-stress jobs. People whose work is paced by a machine experience: a. a task control stressor. Correct b. a role-related stressor. c. more resilience. d. a physical environment stressor. e. None of these statements is correct. Feedback The correct answer is: a task control stressor. Which of these statements about team roles is FALSE? a. Some team roles are formally prescribed with the job. b. Team members often negotiate the preferred roles in the team during the team development process. c. Some team roles support task completion, whereas other roles support the team's maintenance. d. Some team roles are informally fulfilled by various team members. e. A team role is almost always assigned to the same person for the life of the team. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: A team role is almost always assigned to the same person for the life of the team. To increase an employee's feelings of experienced responsibility, we would: a. increase the amount of job feedback in the person's job. b. reduce the amount of task identity and task significance in the person's job. c. increase the amount of autonomy in the person's job. Correct d. reduce the amount of skill variety in the person's job. e. increase the amount of task identity and task significance in the person's job. Feedback The correct answer is: increase the amount of autonomy in the person's job. People with an inventive thinking style: a. are generally less creative than people with an analytic thinking style. b. have a strong tendency to follow fixed patterns of behavior. c. are not bothered by ambiguous information or issues. Correct d. prefer spending their time improving existing things rather than creating new things. e. are all of the above. Feedback The correct answer is: are not bothered by ambiguous information or issues. Compared with non-workaholics, classic workaholics usually experience: a. lower career satisfaction. b. more anxiety. c. higher job burnout d. more health complaints. e. all of these problems. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: all of these problems. Employees experience a role-related stressor when: a. they are given more control over the pace of their work. b. they work in a dangerous environment. c. they are given formal notice that they will be laid off next month. d. all of these conditions are role-related stressors. e. None of these conditions is a role-related stressor. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: None of these conditions is a role-related stressor. Which of the following is LEAST likely to create an ownership culture? a. Employee stock ownership plans b. Profit sharing plans Correct c. Stock option plans d. Balanced scorecards e. None of the above creates any ownership culture. Feedback The correct answer is: Profit sharing plans Job enrichment usually: a. reduces product and service quality. b. increases error rates and defects. c. reduces job satisfaction among qualified employees with high growth need strength. d. increases absenteeism and turnover. e. does none of the above. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: does none of the above. Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory led to more serious study of: a. performance-based rewards as a strategy to reduce employee turnover. b. job specialization as a strategy to improve job performance. c. lighting, noise and other working conditions that help employees to work harder. d. the effect of constructive thought patterns on employee behavior. e. job enrichment and the motivational potential job content. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: job enrichment and the motivational potential job content. Which of these job design actions is mainly a form of job enlargement? a. Increasing the number of tasks within the job Correct b. Establishing client relationships c. Empowering employees d. Forming natural work units e. Both 'B' and 'D' Feedback The correct answer is: Increasing the number of tasks within the job A learning orientation is: a. an important condition for creativity. Correct b. one of four causes of escalation of commitment. c. one of the outcomes of the prospect theory effect. d. a personal characteristic of someone who has low creative potential. e. the label given to people who learn but are not creative in their learning. Feedback The correct answer is: an important condition for creativity. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of post-decisional justification? a. The individual continues to look for alternatives better than the one selected. Correct b. The individual reduces the importance of negative aspects of the selected alternative. c. The individual forgets about favorable aspects of the discarded alternatives. d. The individual looks for more information that further supports the selected alternative. e. The individual increases the importance of negative aspects of the discarded alternatives. Feedback The correct answer is: The individual continues to look for alternatives better than the one selected. Two company divisions produce completely different products but must seek funding from head office for capital expansion. The relationship between these two divisions would be best described as: a. pooled interdependence Correct b. total independence c. reciprocal interdependence d. anticipatory interdependence e. sequential interdependence Feedback The correct answer is: pooled interdependence Which of the following is usually an informal group? a. Task force b. Team-oriented department c. Management team d. Production team e. People you regularly meet for lunch. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: People you regularly meet for lunch. Expectancy theory mainly helps us to predict an individual's: The correct answer is: effort In team dynamics, process losses are best described as: The correct answer is: resources expended towards team development and maintenance The contingencies of employee involvement include all of the following EXCEPT: The correct answer is: Decision quantity The two types of need for power in learned needs theory are: The correct answer is: personalized and socialized. A job in which employees are able to complete something from beginning to end or there is a visible outcome of the work is called: The correct answer is: task identity Knowledge of results originates primarily from: The correct answer is: job feedback When should decision makers bypass the search for alternative solutions and development of new solutions? The correct answer is: In most programmed decision-making situations. Which motivation theory considers the individual's perceived probability that his or her effort will result in a particular level of performance? The correct answer is: Expectancy theory Which of the following statements about 'high-stress' jobs is TRUE? The correct answer is: High-stress jobs have more serious stressors than low-stress jobs Which of these is a family-friendly or work/life initiative to minimize stress? The correct answer is: All of these statements describe a family-friendly or work/life initiative to minimize stress Karoshi is caused by: The correct answer is: Karoshi causes all of these conditions Teams work better when the organizational structure: The correct answer is: encourages interaction with team members rather than through supervisors. Job evaluation and skill-based pay plans are both considered: The correct answer is: none of the above. The tendency for people to dislike losing a particular amount more than they like gaining the same amount is called: The correct answer is: prospect theory. Research indicates that, compared with supervisor-only feedback, 360-degree feedback The correct answer is: None of the above A team that achieves its organizational goals, satisfies member needs, and survives in its environment: The correct answer is: is an effective team To increase an employee's feelings of experienced responsibility, we would: The correct answer is: increase the amount of autonomy in the person's job. Associative play, morphological analysis, and cross-pollination are three strategies to: The correct answer is: improve creativity. Which of the following describes the stress experience? The correct answer is: General adaptation syndrome Convergent thinking mainly improves what stage of the creative process? The correct answer is: Convergent thinking does not improve any part of the creative process Some are just people assembled together without any necessary . The correct answer is: groups, interdependence Which of these job design actions is mainly a form of job enlargement? The correct answer is: Increasing the number of tasks within the job Employees working in a department would be considered a team only when: The correct answer is: they directly interact with each other and coordinate work activities. People who cope successfully in the face of significant change, adversity, or risk have: The correct answer is: a high level of resilience. The problem with membership and seniority-based rewards is that: a. they discourage people from remaining with the organization. b. they are difficult to use in organizational settings. c. they do not directly motivate job performance. Correct d. all of the above. e. only 'A' and 'C'. Feedback The correct answer is: they do not directly motivate job performance. Which of the following statements about expectancy theory is FALSE? a. Expectancy theory is a drive-based theory of motivation. Correct b. Expectancy theory has been applied to a wide variety of studies. c. The process of employee motivation is explained reasonably well by expectancy theory. d. One way to increase the P-to-O expectancy in the expectancy theory model is to accurately measure job performance. e. Expectancy theory has three main components relating to effort, performance and performance outcomes. Feedback The correct answer is: Expectancy theory is a drive-based theory of motivation. Team cohesiveness can be strengthened in each of the following ways EXCEPT: Select one: a. making the team just large enough to facilitate goal accomplishment. b. letting anyone become a team member. Correct c. creating or sensitizing the team to an external threat to its existence or goal accomplishment. d. ensuring that team members have compatible values and goals. e. showing members that the team is necessary to fulfill individual needs. Feedback The correct answer is: letting anyone become a team member. Which of the following statements about teams and groups is FALSE? a. Some teams exist without any goal or purpose. Correct b. A team can have dozens of members. c. Departments are teams when employees interact with each other. d. All members of a work team have influence, although some may have more influence than others. e. A team always requires some form of communication among its members. Feedback The correct answer is: Some teams exist without any goal or purpose. Workplace violence: a. is a serious interpersonal stressor. Incorrect b. is a higher risk among employees in France and Canada than in the United States. c. is a problem among nurses and other health-care workers. d. All of these statements are correct. e. is a serious interpersonal stressor AND is a problem among nurses and other health-care workers. Feedback The correct answer is: All of these statements are correct. Shaper, specialist, and resource investigator are: a. different types of teams. b. roles found in teams Correct c. three activities used in teambuilding. d. the first three stages of team development. e. dysfunctional norms identified in most teams at one time or another. Feedback The correct answer is: roles found in teams Which of the following is an individual incentive? a. Gainsharing plans b. Balanced scorecards c. Stock options d. Stock ownership e. None of the above Correct Feedback The correct answer is: None of the above When applied to nonmanagement employees, which of these has a relatively WEAK connection between the reward and individual effort? a. Piece rate pay b. Commissions c. Profit-sharing bonuses Correct d. All of the above e. Both 'B' and 'C' Feedback The correct answer is: Profit-sharing bonuses Which of the following is an individual incentive? a. Gainsharing plans b. Piece-rate plans Correct c. Stock options d. Stock ownership e. None of the above Feedback The correct answer is: Piece-rate plans Which of the following is a creative practice? a. Asking people unfamiliar with the issue to explore the problem with you. b. Looking through the notes and files of past projects. c. Performing morphological analysis. d. All of these statements improve creativity. Correct e. None of these statements improves creativity Feedback The correct answer is: All of these statements improve creativity. When forming a team, it is critical that each team member has: Select one: a. the complete set of skills necessary to perform the team's task alone. b. the motivation to work together. Correct c. valuable skills that other team members do not know about. d. no previous experience working with any of the other members. e. all of these characteristics. Feedback The correct answer is: the motivation to work together. Pooled interdependence is: a. essential for team effectiveness. b. the same as reciprocal interdependence. c. the weakest form of interdependence other than complete independence. Correct d. the best way to avoid social loafing e. None of these statements represents pooled interdependence. Feedback The correct answer is: the weakest form of interdependence other than complete independence. The creative potential of a person tends to increase with his or her: a. ability to synthesize information. b. ability to analyze ideas. c. ability to apply ideas. d. be persistent. e. all of these statements are correct. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: all of these statements are correct. The increasing emphasis on teamwork in the workplace will likely: a. increase stress caused by work/non-work stressors. b. reduce stress caused by work/non-work stressors. c. increase stress caused by interpersonal stressors. Correct d. reduce stress caused by interpersonal stressors. e. have no effect on workplace stress. Feedback The correct answer is: increase stress caused by interpersonal stressors. The three stages of the general adaptation syndrome, in order, are: a. exhaustion, recovery, burnout. b. exhaustion, resistance, alarm reaction. c. emotional exhaustion, cynicism, reduced efficacy. d. cynicism, resistance, reduced efficacy. e. alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion. The optimal level of goal a. occurs when the goal is challenging but not impossible. Correct b. is the most challenging goal that the company can possibly imagine. c. occurs only when employees set their own goal. d. is the point at which the employee does not yet think the goal will 'stretch' them at all. e. occurs only when both 'A' and 'C' exist. Feedback The correct answer is: occurs when the goal is challenging but not impossible. Employee involvement is LESS valuable or successful when: a. decisions are programmed. b. employees are committed to decisions made by their bosses. c. employees have the same information as their bosses. d. employee norms conflict with organizational goals. e. all of the above conditions exist. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: all of the above conditions exist. What effect does resilience have on work-related stress? a. Employees with high resilience pull through a stressful experience more quickly. Correct b. Employees with low resilience are less likely to experience psychological harassment. c. Employees with high resilience are less likely to work in jobs that have any stressors. d. All of these statements are correct. e. None of these statements is correct. Feedback The correct answer is: Employees with high resilience pull through a stressful experience more quickly. Need for achievement, the ability to synthesize ideas, and risk-taking are characteristics of: a. people who tend to be more creative. Correct b. convergent thinkers. c. employees with a high evaluation apprehension. d. people who conform to peer pressure in decision making. e. people who should not be selected for Delphi technique decisions. Feedback The correct answer is: people who tend to be more creative. Expectancy theory mainly explains how employees: a. have different needs at different times. b. can use personal expectations to reduce work-related stress. c. can motivate themselves through power. d. have different levels of work effort based on their expectations of performance and reward outcomes. Correct e. compare their inputs and outcomes to other people. Feedback The correct answer is: have different levels of work effort based on their expectations of performance and reward outcomes. Goal setting is most effective when: a. the supervisor sets the goals before discussing them with the employee. b. the goals stretch the employee's abilities and motivation. Correct c. the goal statements are general rather than specific. d. all of the above. e. both 'A' and 'B'. Feedback The correct answer is: the goals stretch the employee's abilities and motivation. Which of these statements about human decision making is FALSE? a. Personal biases typically distort the selection and interpretation of information. b. Decision makers engage in a limited search for and evaluation of alternatives. c. Decision makers usually examine all alternatives at the same time. Correct d. Decision makers compare each alternative to an implicit favorite. e. Decision makers have a limited capacity to process information. Feedback The correct answer is: Decision makers usually examine all alternatives at the same time. People who tend to be impatient, lose their temper, and interrupt others during conversations probably have: a. a Type A behavior pattern. Correct b. completely avoided the general adaptation syndrome. c. low emotional exhaustion. d. high resilience. e. a low level of role conflict. Feedback The correct answer is: a Type A behavior pattern. Research has found that senior executives should have: a. a high need for socialized power. Correct b. a high need for personalized power. c. a high need for affiliation. d. a high existence need. e. both 'B' and 'C'. Feedback The correct answer is: a high need for socialized power. Which of the following tends to create an 'ownership culture' and align employee behaviours more closely to organizational objectives? a. Job evaluation b. Commissions c. Stock option plans d. Employee stock ownership plans e. Both 'C' and 'D' Correct Feedback The correct answer is: Both 'C' and 'D' [Show More]

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