A-level ECONOMICS 7136/2 Paper 2 National and International Economy Mark scheme June 2022 Version: 1.0 Final MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 2

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A-level ECONOMICS 7136/2 Paper 2 National and International Economy Mark scheme June 2022 Version: 1.0 Final MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 2 Mark schemes are pre... pared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk Copyright information AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Copyright © 2022 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 3 Level of response marking instructions Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are marks in each level. Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme. Step 1 Determine a level Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With practice and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the lower levels of the mark scheme. When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is predominantly level 3 with a small amount of level 4 material it would be placed in level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 4 content. Step 2 Determine a mark Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. There will be an answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example. You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate. Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points mentioned in the Indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme. An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks. MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 4 Below is the levels of response marking grid to be used when marking any 25 mark question. Level of response Response Max 25 marks 5 Sound, focused analysis and well-supported evaluation that: • is well organised, showing sound knowledge and understanding of economic terminology, concepts and principles with few, if any, errors • includes good application of relevant economic principles to the given context and, where appropriate, good use of data to support the response • includes well-focused analysis with clear, logical chains of reasoning • includes supported evaluation throughout the response and in a final conclusion. 21–25 marks 4 Sound, focused analysis and some supported evaluation that: • is well organised, showing sound knowledge and understanding of economic terminology, concepts and principles with few, if any, errors • includes some good application of relevant economic principles to the given context and, where appropriate, some good use of data to support the response • includes some well-focused analysis with clear, logical chains of reasoning • includes some reasonable, supported evaluation. 16–20 marks 3 Some reasonable analysis but generally unsupported evaluation that: • focuses on issues that are relevant to the question, showing satisfactory knowledge and understanding of economic terminology, concepts and principles but some weaknesses may be present • includes reasonable application of relevant economic principles to the given context and, where appropriate, some use of data to support the response • includes some reasonable analysis but which might not be adequately developed or becomes confused in places • includes fairly superficial evaluation; there is likely to be some attempt to make relevant judgements but these aren’t well-supported by arguments and/or data. 11–15 marks 2 A fairly weak response with some understanding that: • includes some limited knowledge and understanding of economic terminology, concepts and principles is shown but some errors are likely • includes some limited application of relevant economic principles to the given context and/or data to the question • includes some limited analysis but it may lack focus and/or become confused • includes some evaluation which is weak and unsupported. 6–10 marks 1 A very weak response that: • includes little relevant knowledge and understanding of economic terminology, concepts and principles • includes application to the given context which is, at best, very weak • includes attempted analysis which is weak and unsupported. 1–5 marks MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 5 Section A Context 1 Total for this context: 40 marks 0 1 Using the data in Extract A (Figure 1), if 2015 is the base year, calculate the index of Egypt’s real GDP in 2018. Give your answer to one decimal place [2 marks] Response Max 2 marks For the correct answer (114.5) to one decimal place 2 marks For a correct answer but not to one decimal place, ie 114.52 OR For the correct method but the wrong answer, to 1 decimal place OR For an answer of 14.5% OR For a correct answer (114.5) but with symbols added such as $ or bn 1 mark Calculation: (286.3/250.0) X 100 = 114.52 = 114.5 to 1dp MAXIMUM FOR QUESTION 01: 2 MARKS MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 6 0 2 Explain how the data in Extract A (Figures 1 and 2) show that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. [4 marks] Response: Max 4 marks • includes evidence that shows that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment inflows • clearly explains how this data is evidence that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment inflows. 4 marks • includes evidence that shows that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment inflows • explanation of how this data is evidence that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment inflows. 3 marks • includes some limited evidence that shows that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment inflows • limited explanation of how this data is evidence that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment inflows. 2 marks • includes evidence that does not clearly show that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment inflows • no explanation of how this data is evidence that nations with high and stable economic growth attract rising foreign direct investment inflows. 1 mark Relevant issues include: • the meaning of the terms ‘high and stable economic growth’ and ‘rising foreign direct investment inflows’ • economic growth is derived from Figure 1 by determining the annual percentage change in real GDP • explaining why high and stable economic growth may attract FDI such as improved confidence and the opportunity for greater profits • Kenya had the highest economic growth over the period (18.0%) and the largest proportionate increase in FDI (+166.7%) • Egypt had the second highest economic growth over the period (14.5%) and the second largest proportionate increase in FDI (+17.4%) • the country which had the largest absolute increase in FDI (Egypt going from $6.9bn in 2015 to $8.1bn in 2018) also achieved the second highest growth rate (14.5%) • the country which achieved the largest growth rate (Kenya at 18.0%) also achieved the second highest absolute increase in FDI ($0.6bn to $1.6bn) • in terms of stability, the two countries which both experienced negative economic growth (Liberia and Nigeria) both experienced falling FDI over the whole period. Liberia fell from $0.2bn to $0.1bn (a fall of 50%) and Nigeria fell from $3bn to $2bn (a fall of 33.3%) • the only country which had FDI increasing throughout (Kenya) also had high growth throughout. Data tables to help examiners with percentage changes (numbers are rounded): and include two data tables below MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 7 Country Change in FDI Egypt +17.4% Kenya +166.7% Liberia -50.0% Morocco +6.1% Nigeria -33.3% Country 15/16 16/17 17/18 Overall growth Egypt 4.4% 4.2% 5.3% 14.5% Kenya 5.9% 4.9% 6.2% 18.0% Liberia 0% -3.8% 4% 0% Morocco 1.1% 4.3% 3.1% 8.6% Nigeria -1.6% 0.8% 1.9% 1.1% MAXIMUM FOR QUESTION 02: 4 MARKS MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 8 0 3 Extract B (lines 18–19) states: ‘FDI can have many benefits. It should create employment, boost long-run economic growth and increase exports.’ With the help of a suitable diagram, explain how a rise in inward foreign direct investment (FDI) may lead to increased exports. [9 marks] Level of response Response: Max 9 marks 3 • is well organised and develops one or more of the key issues that are relevant to the question • shows sound knowledge and understanding of relevant economic terminology, concepts and principles • includes good application of relevant economic principles and/or good use of data to support the response • includes well-focused analysis with a clear, logical chain of reasoning • includes a relevant diagram that will, at the top of this level, be accurate and used appropriately. 7–9 marks 2 • includes one or more issues that are relevant to the question • shows reasonable knowledge and understanding of economic terminology, concepts and principles but some weaknesses may be present • includes reasonable application of relevant economic principles and/or data to the question • includes some reasonable analysis but it might not be adequately developed and may be confused in places • may include a relevant diagram. 4–6 marks 1 • is very brief and/or lacks coherence • shows some limited knowledge and understanding of economic terminology, concepts and principles but some errors are likely • demonstrates very limited ability to apply relevant economic principles and/or data to the question • may include some very limited analysis but the analysis lacks focus and/or becomes confused • may include a relevant diagram but the diagram is not used and/or is inaccurate in some respects. 1–3 marks MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL ECONOMICS – 7136/2 – JUNE 2022 9 An AD/AS diagram which shows LRAS shifting right is expected although candidates may explain potential benefits from SRAS shifting right and the subsequent effects on the price level and exports. Candidates may also use a Production Possibility Frontier shifting right. Expected diagrams are: Note: Some candidates may show the ‘effect’ of a rise in investment or exports by only shifting AD to the right. However, this does not explain why FDI may lead to an increase in exports and should not be credited as a suitable/relevant diagram [Show More]

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