SUMMARY NOTES AND REVISION QUESTIONS WITH NOETIC ANSWERS ON ASSESMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (BEST DOCUMENT FOR EXAM PREPARATIONS)

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SUMMARY NOTES AND REVISION QUESTIONS WITH NOETIC ANSWERS ON ASSESMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (BEST DOCUMENT FOR EXAM PREPARATIONS) Vocabulary  Cardiovascular system-Made up of heart and blo... od vessels; responsible for supplying O2 to body organs and other tissues (perfusion); works with respiratory and hematologic system to meet human needs for oxygenation and tissue perfusion.  Myocardium-Heart muscle; must receive sufficient O2 to pump blood to other parts of the body  Arteries- must be patent so that pumped blood can reach rest of body  Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)- number one cause of death in the US; 1 death:40 sec (more than cancer, chronic lower resp disease, accidents, dm combined), leading cause in women.  Heart- fist-sized, muscular organ located in the mediastinum between lungs; each beat pumps 60 ml of blood or 5L/min (double in strenous activity)  Pericardium- protective covering of heart  Septum- muscular wall that separates heart into right and left  Right atrium (RA)- received deoxygenated venous blood--> body through superior and inferior venae cavae; receives blood from heart muscle through coronary sinus; most venous return flows passively from this through opened TV and RV during ventricular diastole or filling; remaining venous return actively propelled by this into RV during atrial systole or contraction  Right ventricle (RV)- muscular pump located behind sternum; generates enough pressure to close the TV, open the PV, and propel blood into PA and the lungs  Ventricular diastole- valves act as funnel and help move flow of blood from atria to the ventricles  Ventricular systole- valves act as funnel help move the flow of blood from atria to ventricles; valves close to prevent back flow of blood into the atria  Coronary arteries- originate from area on aorta just beyond the aortic valve.  Valvular regurgitation- the back flow of blood into the atria  Lef coronary artery (LMCA) – where all of the coronary arteries feeding the lef heart originate from  Right coronary artery (RCA)- branches from aorta to perfuse the right heart and inferior wall chest of the lef heart.  Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)- a disorder, including unstable angina and myocardial infarction, that results from obstruction of the coronary artery by ruptured atherosclerotic plaque and leads to platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, and vasoconstriction  Aferload- the load, or resistance, against which the left ventricle must eject its volume of blood during contraction. the pressure or resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and into the peripheral blood vessels; the amount of resistance is directly related to arterial blood pressure and blood vessel diameter  Anasarca- generalized edema  Baroreceptors- sensory receptors in the arch of the aorta and at the origin of the internal carotid arteries that are stimulated when the arterial walls are stretched by an increased blood [Show More]

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