Lehne's Pharmacology Exam 1 2023 with 100% correct answers

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3 possible drug-drug interactions (1) intensify effects(2) reduce effects (3) new response potentiative one drug intensifies the effects of the other, can be beneficial or detrimental ... inhibitory interaction one drug reduces the effects of another, can be beneficial(reduces toxicity) or detrimental(reduces therapeutic effect) 4 basic drug-drug mechanisms of interactions (1) direct chemical or physical interaction (2) pharmacokinetic interaction (3) pharmacodynamic interactions (4) combined toxicity Direct chemical or physical interaction two drugs mixing, usually renders both drugs inactive (never mix two or more drugs in same container unless indicated) 4 basic pharmacokinetic processes (1) absorption (2) distribution (3) metabolism (4) excretion Altered absorption example: antacids elevate gastric ph, increasing ability of drugs to cross membranes altered distribution (1) competition for the protein binding (2) alteration of the extracellular pH altered metabolism most complex and important drug-drug interaction. Drugs that induce synthesis of haptic p450 enzymes or inhibit it altered renal excretion drugs can effect all three phases: filtration, reabsorption, and active secretion Drugs that induce P-glycoprotein reduce absorption, reduce fetal exposure, reduce brain-drug exposure, increase drug elimination Drugs that inhibit P-glycoprotein increase absorption, increase fetal exposure, increase brain-drug exposure, decrease drug elimination taking a drug on an "empty stomach" 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals CYP3A4 Grapefruit juice inhibits the...in metabolism, greater in intestinal wall, not an issue when IV drugs used competition for protein binding when two drugs bind to the same site, resulting in binding of agents reduced and plasma drug levels rise alteration of extracellular ph drug increases ionization of acidic drug, causing it to move out of the cell, changing the drug distribution p450 cyp majority of drug metabolism is catalyzed by this group of enzymes [Show More]

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