PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WIH CORRECT ANSWERS

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PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WIH CORRECT ANSWERS Chapter 7 1.A 25-year-old woman is visiting the prenatal clinic and shares with the nurse her desire to go "natural" with her pregn... ancy. She shows the nurse a list of herbal remedies that she wants to buy so that she can "avoid taking any drugs." Which statement by the nurse is correct? a."Most herbal remedies are not harmful and are safe for use during pregnancy." b."Please read each label carefully before use to check for cautionary warnings." c."Keep in mind that products from different manufacturers are required to contain consistent amounts of the herbal products." d."It's important to remember that herbal remedies do not have proven safety ratings for pregnant women." ANS: D The fact that a drug is an herbal or a dietary supplement does not mean that it can be safely administered to children, infants, or pregnant or lactating women. Many herbal products have not been tested for safety during pregnancy. Simply reading the labels may not provide enough information for use during pregnancy. Last, manufacturers of herbal products are not required to guarantee the reliability of the contents. 2.The patient is asking the nurse about current U.S. laws and regulations of herbal products. According to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994, which statement is true? a.Medicinal herbs are viewed as dietary supplements. b.Herbal remedies are held to the same standards as drugs. c.Producers of herbal products must prove therapeutic efficacy. d.Herbal remedies are protected by patent laws. ANS: A Current U.S. laws view herbal products as dietary supplements and do not hold them to the same efficacy standards as drugs. The other options do not correctly reflect current U.S. laws regarding herbal supplements. 3.The patient wants to take the herb valerian to help him rest at night. The nurse would be concerned about potential interactions if he is taking a medication from which class of drugs? a.Digitalis b.Anticoagulants c.Sedatives d.Immunosuppressants ANS: C Valerian may cause increased central nervous system depression if used with sedatives. Digitalis, anticoagulants, and immunosuppressants do not have interactions with valerian. 4.The patient has been taking an over-the-counter (OTC) acid-reducing drug because he has had "stomach problems" for several months. He tells the nurse that the medicine helps as long as he takes it, but once he stops it, the symptoms return. Which statement by the nurse is the best advice for this patient? a."The over-the-counter drug has helped you, so you should continue to take it." b."The over-the-counter dosage may not be strong enough. You should be taking prescription-strength for best effects." c."For best results, you need to watch what you eat in addition to taking this drug." d."Using this drug may relieve your symptoms, but it does not address the cause. You should be seen by your health care provider." ANS: D The use of OTC drugs may postpone effective management of chronic disease states and may delay treatment of serious or life-threatening disorders because these drugs may relieve symptoms without necessarily addressing the cause of the disorder. The other options do not address the need to investigate the cause of the symptoms and are incorrect. 5.During an assessment, the patient tells the nurse that he eats large amounts of garlic for its cardiovascular benefits. Which drug or drug class, if taken, would have a potential interaction with the garlic? a.Acetaminophen (Tylenol) b.Insulin c.Antilipemic drugs d.Sedatives ANS: B The use of garlic may interfere with hypoglycemic drugs. The other options are incorrect because acetaminophen, antilipemic drugs, and sedatives do not have interactions with garlic. 6.A patient calls the clinic to ask about taking cranberry dietary supplement capsules because a friend recommended them. The nurse will discuss which possible concern when a patient is taking cranberry supplements? a.It may increase the risk for bleeding if the patient is taking anticoagulants. b.It may increase the risk of toxicity of some psychotherapeutic drugs. c.It may reduce elimination of drugs that are excreted by the kidneys. d.Cranberry may increase the intensity and duration of effects of caffeine. ANS: C The use of cranberry decreases the elimination of many drugs that are renally excreted. The other concerns do not occur with cranberry supplements. 7.Grapefruit juice interacts with what types of meds? (pg. 90 table 7-3) a. Decreases metabolism of drugs used for erectile dysfunction, estrogens, and some psychotherapeutic drugs b.Increases risk for toxicity of immunosuppressants, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and some psychotherapeutic drugs c.Increases intensity and duration of effects of caffeine 8.A patient wants to take the herb gingko to help his memory. The nurse reviews his current medication list and would be concerned about potential interactions if he is taking a medication from which class of drugs? a.Digitalis b.Anticoagulants c.Sedatives d.Immunosuppressants ANS: B The use of gingko increases the risk of bleeding with anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) and antiplatelets (aspirin, clopidogrel). The other concerns do not occur with gingko supplements. [Show More]

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