PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

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INFANT/TODDLER [5 Questions] (INFANT) Physical exam/assessment:  Measuring an infant o Length supine (done up until 36 months) o Fully extend body holding head midline o Measure top of head to... heels of feet (dorsi flexed position) o Standing measurement is height  Obtaining a weight o Use infant scale o Balance scale before each weight o Weigh nude  Obtaining head circumference  Smile and let baby touch equipment  Have parent hold baby during exam  Start from least intrusive to most intrusive (listen to heart & lungs before anything else such as BP)  Tearless cry normal until 3 months old  Posterior fontanel closes by 2 months o The younger the baby the WIDER the fontanel o If not closing worried about microcephaly…brain needs room to grow  Anterior fontanel closes by 12 months  Teeth eruption 4 to 8 teeth by 1 year  Check ear alignment o Worried about head shape, genetics o Ears lower than normal could indicate possible Down Syndrome  Lower edge of liver sometimes felt  Legs appear bowed until lower back & leg muscles are well developed o Haven’t developed the tone to straighten legs yet  Looking for uneven gluteal folds or Ortolani’s click/clunk  Feet may turn in or out OK if feet return to normal position o If you can’t…club foot & needs casting  Blood-tinged vaginal mucous OK if newbornfrom utero or the mother  Foreskin not retractable until 1-2 years old  Nose breathers until 5 months old o Don’t know how to open mouth to breathe  Plot height, weight, & head circumference on growth chart EVERY visit  BMI for those > 2 years old  Positive red reflex bilaterally  Denver IIdevelopmental screening tool [Show More]

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